Information on the Broad Category of Tetracycline’s
With a Focus on Minocycline as Related to Acne
Introduction
Many adolescence struggle with a poor self-image due to changes going on in the body during puberty. While there are differences in how boys become men and girls become women there is one issue the both groups struggle with, acne. According to the American Academy of Dermatology “acne effects up to 50 million Americans annually and approximately 84% of people between the ages of 12 and 24 experience at least minor acne”(AAD). With these numbers it is clear that acne is something that many people struggle with. Thankfully medications in the form or creams, face washes, and even pills have been manufactured to combat acne and its effects on the skin. This paper focuses on one specific, oral, form of acne medication called Minocycline.
The Drug Minocycline is one of many medications that falls under a broad category of anti-infectives known as Tetracycline’s. Tetracycline’s “inhibit protein synthesis at the level of the 30S bacterial ribosome” (Vallerand, 1185) or in
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Any patient on a Tetracycline should notify their physician if they develop a rash or blisters, oral lesions, diarrhea, fever, fatigue, or joint and muscle aches (Vallerand, 1186). Patients should also be instructed to take their medication as prescribed and to never double up on a missed dose. All medications should be kept out of the reach of children. Minocycline is usually given in the form of an extended release tablet and is to be taken twice a day on an empty stomach to increase absorption (MedlinePlus). If a patient is experiencing stomach upset, Minocycline can be taken with a glass of milk or food but the pills should never be crushed, broken, chewed, or mixed into any substance (Vallerand,
Not all of us are fortunate enough to have baby soft skin. Every teen goes through a rough stage where their skin isn’t always flawless. For some it comes and vanishes as time progresses, eventually growing out of it. But then there are those few who feel like it’s them against the world. The shame in having to walk around each day knowing their skin looks terrible and all eyes are on them. Your face is the first thing that people look at. Emotionally the experience is traumatic, knowing you can’t fit in and nothing works. We’ve all seen the cliché acne product commercials with empty promises for the true acne sufferers. Accutane is a life changing product for many, and its results are
After completing the experiment, a yield of 0.01 g of an impure, solid purple, precipitate was created, however this yield will not be considered for percent yield or for future use due to its impurity in nature. This conclusion on the purity of the substance is drawn from the information for pure tetraphenylcyclopentadienone; pure tetraphenylcyclopentadienone has a characteristic black/purple tint to its crystals, and said crystals are very small, almost sand-like in state1. Comparing this description to the description of the experimental sample, a clear main difference is the tint of the color, which was solid purple as opposed to the expected black/purple (this purple tint may
Because of this rise of selection for vancomycin-resistant bacteria, finding an alternative antibiotic treatment for this strain of bacteria is imperative. There has been some consideration of alternatives to vancomycin treatment of bacteria as sensitivity toward the drug decreases. Though vancomycin is still the treatment standard for methicillin-resistant bacteria, other compounds such as linezolid have proven to be more effective. Linezolid is a currently FDA approved compound that disrupts protein synthesis in the ribosomes of bacteria. The result of this disruption is
Girls need to have this at the ready and be using it because it not only helps their body weight and acne, but also their health. They should be educated on what this does and how it can help
I experienced a drug reaction to Doxycycline Hyclate a little over a year ago. I had visited my dermatologist with concerns about acne. I had never had acne before, then all of a sudden, it seemed to be popping up everywhere. She decided that I should be put on Doxycycline, and said that it usually helped clear up acne. I was told to take one tablet daily, and that I should also take it on an empty stomach. I remember being at school when I had some unpleasant side effects to taking the drug. I took the tablet on an empty stomach, as I was advised. It was early in the morning, and the pill did not sit well with me. I became dizzy, had a fever, chills, and my vision started to become blurry. I was very concerned, and worried that something wasn't
Hard gelatine capsules with tetracycline contain either 250mg or 500mg with the active ingredient tetracycline hydrochloride. A normal dose for tetracycline is around 10 to 20 mg/lb (25 to 50mg/kg) for body weight that can be spaced out evenly four times a day. Dosages should be taken 24 to 48 hours after the symptoms have eased away. (Drugs.com, 2015). Antibiotics are given in dosages which are based on the type of medical condition the patient has and the specific bacterial infection which needs to be treated. A child older than 8 years of age, the recommended dosage is based on weight. In order for an antibiotic to work best, they should be taken at a constant level in evenly spaced intervals. Using the medication
Macrolides inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the 23S rRNA of the 50S ribosomal subunit to block translocation. Fluoroquinolones block replication by inhibiting DNA gyrase (they relax topoisomerase II and add a supercoil) and topoisomerase IV. Beta-lactams bind the penicillin-binding proteins to block transpeptidase cross-linking of peptidoglycan. Treatment with any antibiotic should be for at least 5 days, and should not be stopped until the patient is afebrile for 48–-72 hours. Therapy should not be stopped if the patient has a heart
The deadliest neurotoxin I can find on the web is Tetanospasmin (other than botulinum which I already have learned about). I believe this is the deadliest toxin because it says that an ant weighs 1500 times more than the dose needed to kill an adult human. Two hundred nanograms is considered lethal, and that is a VERY small number. Tetanospasmin causes muscle spasms when it is found inside the body within the nervous system and it is produced by a bacterium called Clostridium Tetani. The reason it is deadly is because it binds to neurons permanently, and when it is bound it stops the neurotransmitters from being released from the neuron. A dose of Tetanospasmin is able to stop a neuron from releasing a neurotransmitter because it damages
I never cared much about my skin. I didn’t have severe acne growing up, and when I did, I didn’t care much about it. I was a kid, I had fun things to do, such as not caring about how I look. When I walked in for my appointment, my pediatrician took one look at me and said something along the lines of, “Wow, your acne looks angry.”
One can see how certain food may cause a more noticeable breakout of acne due how much they alter a person’s blood sugar levels and insulin levels. At the same time, one finding cannot simply be applied to all individuals as every person is different. I believe that this article could be especially important to those who suffer with acne vulgaris as it would help give them a better understanding of the effects some foods may have on the. Acne does not only have an effect physically on individuals, but it also affects them emotionally. There are many treatment options for people with acne ranging from very basic over the counter topical treatments to more invasive and intense treatments such as Isotretinoin. Along with medications that can be prescribed, the first thing that any one person can do to help possibly reduce their acne is change their diet, or avoid foods that would increase their likelihood of an increased breakout. There is much research going into whether diet truly does have an effect, but more and more information is being collected to support this hypothesis. I do not believe that food causes acne vulgaris; however, I strongly believe that it can worsen the effects of already existent acne by such ways as increasing oil production of sebaceous glands in our
Doxycycline, a semi-synthetic derivative of oxytetracycline is a potent antibacterial drug commonly used as doxycycline hyclate (DOX-h) and used for both in humans and animals treatments [8]. The antibacterial mechanism is mainly regarded as time-dependant and DOX-h is a relatively inexpensive antibacterial drug, potent and possesses a broad-spectrum antibacterial action [9]. In this regard, a poloxamer-based matrix was used to produce a long-acting injectable preparation (DOXh-LA) and its serum concentrations vs. time profile was investigated after its s.c. injection to calves. It was found that the DOX-h-LA showed the greatest values for bioavailability (602%); maximum serum concentration (Cmax) of 1.99 lg/mL with a time to reach (Tmax)
Tigecycline, the first member of the glycylcycline class of antimicrobial agents, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of complicated intraabdominal infections (cIAI), complicated skin and skin structure infections (cSSSI) and community acquired pneumonia (1). Given an expanded spectrum of in vitro antibacterial activity, tigecycline is also considered as one of the selected agents for difficult-to-treat infections in critically ill patients, although there are very limited published data of pharmacokinetics in this population.
Phencyclidine also known as Angel Dust and Sernyl was an anesthetic drug used in 1950’s but was discontinued due to its dissociative effects by 1965. It started being used as a recreational drug that could be ingested, smoked, injected during the 1970’s and in 1978 was declared America’s number one drug problem by Mike Wallace of 60 Minutes.Some of the drugs side effects included hallucinations,depersonalisation, paranoia,aggressive behavior.The use of PCP significantly fell in 1980’s and less than 3% high schoolers abused it in 1990. It's a schedule-II drug in USA and only 19 grams of it was allowed to be produced in
Moreover, chronically use of minocycline has a good safety record. Long-term treatment with minocycline at dosages of up to 200 mg/day, is the highest dosage recommended by the United States Food and Drug Administration ( FDA), is generally safe and well-tolerated in humans. Minocycline’s known and most common side effects, including nausea and mild dizziness. However, according to the British National Formulary, for treatments continued for more than 6 months, it is recommended to monitor every 3 months for hepatotoxicity, pigmentation and systemic lupus erythematosus, been advised that treatment should be discontinued if these develop or if pre-existing systemic lupus erythematosus worsens. The antibiotic properties of minocycline was
In this practical, we will investigate and compare the mechanisms of action of the drugs: Chloramphenicol and Rifampicin, specifically by identifying whether their effects are bacteriostatic or bactericidal, and by looking at their effect on RNA and protein synthesis