1. INTRODUCTION
During the Hurricane Katrina in 2005, even though the National Weather Service (NWS) had forecasted the storm characteristics information on wind speed, storm surge and rainfall accurately, the local authorities responded inadequately (Kent, 2006; Basher, 2006). The aftermath of Hurricane Katrina pumps a series of discussions on emergency responses in a hurricane hazard (e.g., Basher, 2006; Kent, 2006; Kamarck, 2007; Spencer, 2013). Researches draw their attention to this discussion focused on three questions: (1) who should be in charge (e.g., Kamarck, 2007; Badiru and Racz, 2013; Barnhill, 2013; Cova et al., in press)? (2) To do what (e.g., Lindell and Perry 1992; Kim et al., 2006; Wu, Lindell & Prater, 2015; Cova et al.,
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According to the Protective Action Decision Model (PADM) by Lindell and Perry (1992; 2004; 2012) which summarized previous researches on public’s responses to environmental threats, people would be made aware of a threat by social warnings, social cues, and environmental cues (Huang, Lindell & Prater, in press a; Lindell, in press), then assess their risk and identify potentials protective actions (PAs), and ultimately take an appropriate PA (Huang et al., 2012, Huang, Lindell & Prater, in press b). Hence, local authorities, on the one hand, have the responsibilities to carry the PARs to the people who are at risk (Basher, 2006; Lindell and Perry, 2012), whereas risk area households’ response efforts, on the other hand, would rely on the guidance of officials’ PARs (Baker 1991, 1995; Huang et al. in press a; Lin et al. 2014). However, households’ response efforts are often limited by their information availability (Chen et al., 2007). Consequently, the failure of the delivery of the appropriate PARs in time would either set those households in danger or push them to follow peers’ response actions (Huang et al., 2012; Huang, Lindell & Prater, in press a; b). It is a significant gap Cova et al. (in press) has pointed out that local authorities tend to struggle on PARs selections and the triggers from “wait and see” to “take immediate action” (see also Dye, Eggers, and Shapira, 2014). Nonetheless, there are very few studies examine the behavior of local
Another challenge was the evacuation process. This hurricane experience shows that the federal government should next time be prepared to fulfill the duty if local and/or state efforts should fail. The lack of planning mixed with bad operational coordination made a weak federal performance in supporting the evacuation of the people in New Orleans. The government lacked elements of previous planning such as the evacuations routes, transportation assets, communications and coordination with governmental officials of receiving and shelters the rescued
On August 29th, 2005 Hurricane Katrina caused catastrophic damage and flooding in Mississippi, Louisiana, New Orleans and areas in between. It destructed the lives and homes of thousands of people, with a total of 1,883 fatalities (Hurricane Katrina Statistics Fast Facts, 2015). Hurricane Katrina left many homeless and hospitals unprepared for the challenges posed to the healthcare system as a whole. Some of these challenges included gaining access to healthcare facilities, providing expedited care to those most in need, and preventing spread of disease that commonly occurs during natural disasters. Many facilities did not evacuate in time and many were left stranded in flooded waters as patients conditions worsened and access to essential medications and treatments became limited.
There are two main concepts to prevent another devastating event as Hurricane Katrina which are plan/prepare and thorough disaster drills. First and foremost, we cannot prevent nor anticipate disasters; therefore, we shall prepare and practice for crisis as such. When everyone knows which critical functions are required for restoration then this could provide a tremendous amount of confidence in life-threatening situations. The very basic principles of planning we all should be familiar with could save the lives of millions. Next, conducting thorough disaster drills should always “be
Nine years ago the massive storm known as Hurricane Katrina struck New Orleans and other parts of Louisiana. That hurricane in turn affected a multitude of aspects, those being; economy, tourism, employment, housing etc. Out of all those aspects I’m going to further dive into the initial impact of hurricane Katrina on education and schools in New Orleans, and how students and teachers were affected by this natural disaster. Initially after Katrina, 110 out of the 126 public school were completely destroyed. Previously all the schools were run by a board that was corrupt and didn’t manage the schools efficiently and used them incorrectly which led to corruption. It was bad enough that even the FBI had to intervene by placing a satellite system
When Hurricane Katrina hit New Orleans in late August of 2005, it not only destroyed the city, but unraveled the ties that held the society together. Tens of thousands of people were forced out of their homes, bound to find a means of survival on their own. Relationships they had previously formed, social constants they had grown accustomed to were thrown out of the window, and laws became irrelevant. Within a matter of days, everything they had known was destroyed, and it had became the survival of the fittest and the wealthiest. While this broken society brought out the inner hero in some people, it brought out the chaos and lawlessness in others. Some embraced selflessness and saved hundreds of people, while others turned to looting, shooting,
The devastation of Hurricane Katrina on the city of New Orleans sparked a national conversation about who, or what, to blame for the disaster. There were inherent problems in how the chain of command was structured for the response to the disaster, and issues with how the plan was implemented. Furthermore, since the hurricane disproportionately devastated low income and predominately African American neighborhoods, many questioned the equity of the implementation plans. Additionally, historical causes for the disaster could not be overlooked. The history of racial housing segregation and the embrace of levee policies that endangered the city were also reasons why many blamed the federal and state governments for not anticipating the disaster
On August 23, 2005 through August 31, 2005 a tragic moment occurred in New Orleans. People 's lives changed by losing everything they had due to this storm. It damaged a majority of the coast leading to massive flooded houses, everything underwater, and families not able to find their loved ones. A band of storm clouds wrapped around the north side circulation center early the morning of August 24th. The wind was blowing about 40 mph. The storm was originally called Tropical Katrina. Hurricane Katrina struck New Orleans early morning on Monday August 29, 2005. Over eighty percent of the city was under some quantity of water. This storm caused more than one hundred billion dollars in damage. Half of the city rose above sea level. August 29, 2005 was the day the Hurricane struck the Gulf Coast of the United States. The people charged the federal government to meet the needs of the people who was affected by the storm. There were many questions lingering as part of the aftermath. What caused the flooding in New Orleans to be so severe? What was the impact on the government’s response? How was the city/region changed since then?
1,833 people died during Hurricane Katrina. The storm began as a tropical depression in the Bahamas on August 23, 2005, 6 days before it hit the US, as a category 3 hurricane. By August 28 evacuations were underway in Alabama, Louisiana and Mississippi, with New Orleans at special risk. The day before the hurricane hit New Orleans, mayor, Ray Nagin issued the city’s first ever mandatory evacuation and told the citizens of New Orleans that the Superdome sports stadium would be “the shelter of last resort.” By nightfall, 80% of the population had evacuated New Orleans. However at least 20,000 people decided to stay in the city. 10,000 of these people went to the Superdome to get to shelter and 10,000 stayed at their homes. At 6 a.m. on August 29, 2005, Hurricane Katrina struck between Grand Isle, Louisiana, and the
Hurricane Katrina not only tore the city apart and forever changed the lives of the people living in New Orleans, but truly hit home for the rest of America as well. Nothing of this brutal disaster had really hit the nation before August 23th, 2005, so the shock of it all struck the nation at an all time high. The after math of Katrina was catastrophic on the worst levels. Families were torn apart, homes and vehicles swept away or completely ruined by the massive amounts of water, and all that was planned to save lives was partly ironically what drown them. In a situation like this one would expect a hospital to be sophisticated and more equipped to keep it together, but it ultimately the opposite happened entirely. When the lives lost were
The world is made up of mostly water, human beings are made up of mostly water also; water is everywhere. Water helps us sustain life most of the time, unless it’s a tropical storm coming up from the Atlantic Ocean killing thousands. Specifically August 24th, 2005; a very strong storm known as Hurricane Katrina was heading northwest towards the mainland of the United States. Such a storm could lead to catastrophe and there will be no happy ending for anyone. When any type of natural disaster strikes, how does America respond and help those who are in need. The idea of Hurricane Katrina interested me because my favorite college football team are known as the “Miami Hurricanes”. It felt right to research hurricanes and how it affects many people near waters. I hope to learn why hurricanes form the way they do and what makes them dangerous. Many people were affected from Hurricane Katrina, so what were most people doing in the year 2005 before mayhem struck.
Hurricane Katrina will forever remain as one of the most devastating natural disasters to have taken place on American soil. On August 27th, 2005, more than a day before Katrina made its way to New Orleans, President Bush, at the request of Louisiana state Governor Kathleen declared a state of emergency to both Louisiana and Mississippi. In doing so, these areas were considered major disaster areas that the federal government would concentrate most of its resources. Despite a declared emergency and the need to evacuate the city immediately, many residents decided to stay in their homes and shelter in place for various reasons, while others left the city as suggested or seek refuge at the state’s designated last resort shelter, The Superdome.
The largest issue that arose from the disaster was communication, be it between FEMA and local/state government or the local government and the people. While reading these interviews, a general trend arises. No one believes that the happenings of Hurricane Katrina were majorly their fault. Some claimed that they were overwhelmed but many directly pinned the miscommunications on other segments of the problem. This constant blaming of others shows that the issues were never truly resolved after the disaster. Based on the indications of the post-effect, it is very unlikely that the different groups could have communicated well during a disaster of the proportion.
Hurricane Katrina was a category five hurricane that hit New Orleans on August 25, 2005. The poorest citizens of the city were forced to the tops of their homes for survival, left for days without electricity or clean water, were subjected to the sight of dead bodies floating in the street, and were portrayed to the rest of the world as looting refugees. Race, class, news media coverage, as well as other factors aided in the substandard assistance given to the residents affected by Hurricane Katrina. Taking a moment to look at the bigger picture, the fate of New Orleans citizens was set in stone before the hurricane even began. Choice of geography is partially to blame for the misfortune of many of the hurricane’s victims.
Historically, much can be learned from a disaster and the steps taken before, during and after the disaster. In other words, all levels of government can learn what to do and what not to do based on lessons learned from previous disasters. This was no different with Hurricane Katrina.
Hurricane Katrina hit on August 28, 2005. The hurricane caused many deaths and many injured people after this disaster. They lost so much money for repairs and all the oil that they lost from this catastrophic event. The news reporters saw this coming way before it happened. Hurricane Katrina started at the bottom of Florida in Cuba in the Atlantic Ocean. The Mayor issued a mandatory evacuation. The Superdome was used as a shelter for a last resort. The tropical depression that became Hurricane Katrina formed over the Bahamas on August 23, 2005, and meteorologists were soon able to warn people in the Gulf Coast states that a major storm was on its way. 80% of New Orleans population had evacuated before night fall. The storm made a 90 degree turn right towards New Orleans. The winds got up to 175 miles per hour, the storm was about 400 miles and the center (the eye) was about 225 miles long. This storm was a category 5 storm. The waves in the ocean was at least 40 feet tall. Katrina affected about 90,000 square miles of land in the United States. There was about 20 feet of water on the streets and over houses after the storm was over. 80% of New orleans was covered in water. Hundreds of flights were cancelled or diverted. Many people were impacted during and after Hurricane Katrina. People don't realize how much it can impact them until it happens to them. Hurricane Katrina is one of the biggest