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The And His Understanding Of The Creation Through Dialogue With Natural Science

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3. Pannenberg’s Theodicy and His Understanding of the Creation through Dialogue with Natural Science When creatures are created as finite beings, they gain their independence from God and other creatures. This is because we assume “the limiting of their own finitude by other creatures.” Hence, their revolt against the limit of finitude in their relationships with God is also intertwined with their failure to be in peaceful unity with other creatures. On the contrary, the God-intended independence is to participate in the reality of the eschatological kingdom of God through the fellowship with God and that of love and justice among other fellow humans and creatures. For Pannenberg, if this is the case, then the independence of a creature cannot be identified as the necessary root of evil. Rather, the root of evil lies in “the revolt against the limit of finitude, in the refusal to accept one’s own finitude, and [accordingly] in the related illusion of being like God.” Evil is not necessary, but constitutes an inevitable condition of the finitude of creatures when they make free decisions. Therefore, God’s free decision to create the world “carried with it the risk of a misuse of this creaturely freedom, or the “risk of the abuse of God-given freedom to conform to the reality of the kingdom of God.” The independence of human beings is inseparably connected to the indeterminacy or contingency inherent in the evolutionary process of the cosmos. To be

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