3. Pannenberg’s Theodicy and His Understanding of the Creation through Dialogue with Natural Science When creatures are created as finite beings, they gain their independence from God and other creatures. This is because we assume “the limiting of their own finitude by other creatures.” Hence, their revolt against the limit of finitude in their relationships with God is also intertwined with their failure to be in peaceful unity with other creatures. On the contrary, the God-intended independence is to participate in the reality of the eschatological kingdom of God through the fellowship with God and that of love and justice among other fellow humans and creatures. For Pannenberg, if this is the case, then the independence of a creature cannot be identified as the necessary root of evil. Rather, the root of evil lies in “the revolt against the limit of finitude, in the refusal to accept one’s own finitude, and [accordingly] in the related illusion of being like God.” Evil is not necessary, but constitutes an inevitable condition of the finitude of creatures when they make free decisions. Therefore, God’s free decision to create the world “carried with it the risk of a misuse of this creaturely freedom, or the “risk of the abuse of God-given freedom to conform to the reality of the kingdom of God.” The independence of human beings is inseparably connected to the indeterminacy or contingency inherent in the evolutionary process of the cosmos. To be
Before we can dive into the problem of evil, we must define a term. Whenever the word “God” is used in this paper, it is referring to the classical theistic conception of God. In this view of God, God is that, “than which nothing greater can be conceived” in your mind. Any attributes or qualities that make a being great, God has to the maximum. This means that, among many other qualities, God is benevolent(all good), omnipotent(all powerful), and omniscient(all knowing). Furthermore, God is the creator of the universe and is personally connected to the human race.
Throughout Genesis 1-11, one of the main subjects covered is the natural world. Genesis 1 in particular provides crucial information for understanding the origin of the natural world. In the first verse of the entire Bible (Genesis 1:1), the reader is immediately told that “God created the heavens and the earth.” Additionally, the reader is informed that “there was evening and there was morning, the sixth day” (Genesis 1:31), showing that God’s work of creation took six days. Because I believe that God created the world in six literal days, the foundation of my worldview is entirely different than the foundation of an atheist’s worldview. When I look at the world around me, I do not view everything around me as the product of random chance and evolution; instead, I see everything around me as the handiwork of God.
| The use of the word “independence” suggests that there is a bond between us and the animal kingdom. Our race has been unable to separate from nature because we are just as vulnerable as the animals are to contract a disease without a cure. Until we can sure this disease we will be nature’s slave.
People have contemplated many different theories about the creation of the world. There are two versions that rival each other and those are the religious and the scientific version.
Many times I find myself sitting and wondering whether I am fully free or not. I wake up every single morning and do the same routine, which is eat breakfast, go to class or work, do homework, go to the gym, shower, and then go to bed. Does this truly mean I am free? There are a lot of questions that you can ask yourself while following a routine. Is this really the path I should have taken? Were my choices determined by external factors? Determinism is the thesis that an any instant there is only one physically possible future. Robert Blatchford and Walter Terence Stace, two philosophers, both agree that determinism is true, although they have two different views on whether this means that people are free or not. Blatchford believes that everything is predestined. Stace on the other hand, believes that a person chooses what they do because of free will. In this essay I am going to discuss both of the philosophers’ views more in depth and why I favor Stace’s view over Blatchford’s.
The passage that I choose to write about was Genesis chapter 1 verses 1-5. I choose this passage because I was interested in studying how God supposedly created the earth and turned darkness into a world full of life and spirit. Genesis 1 begins by saying “in the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.”(NKJV) I think that the purpose of this verse is to summarize the things that God would do in the future. This text tells us that God existed before the heavens and the earth. We also learn that before God started to create, the earth was empty, dark, and lifeless. The text also represents the beginning of everything earthly by saying God will create life on earth and in
According to Christian tradition, God gives freedom to his creations out of love. In return, He expects obedience, which can only be given to Him through love. Some creatures, irrational creatures such as plants and animals, live in such obedience simply by existing since, regardless of the course of their actions, all their choices are in accordance with their Creator. They fulfill God's will. Since a rational creature has more complex faculties, it is subject to higher expectations; therefore it is given edicts by which to live. When a rational creature deliberates a course of action, it is subject to fulfilling God's will. When God's will is fulfilled, creation is in union with God, however when God's will fails to be fulfilled, this union is broken and the rational being enters into an unnatural state, a state that contradicts its direction of obedience and love to God.
In his essay, "The Magnitude, Duration, and Distribution of Evil: a Theodicy," Peter van Inwagen alleges a set of reasons that God may have for allowing evil to exist on earth. Inwagen proposes the following story – throughout which there is an implicit assumption that God is all-good (perfectly benevolent, omnipotent, and omniscient) and deserving of all our love. God created humans in his own likeness and fit for His love. In order to enable humans to return this love, He had to give them the ability to freely choose. That is, Inwagen holds that the ability to love implies free will. By giving humans free will, God was taking a risk.
In the story “The Creation” separation between God and all creations is needed in order to express free will and choice. At the beginning of the story, Kintu is the only one living on earth. He is accompanied by his cow, whom is used for the sole purpose of nourishment. He brought up to heaven by Nambi, the daughter of the deity Mugulu. Mugulu sets Kintu with many different tasks to prove that he is a man. The events that occurred in heaven represent being united with God versus free will. The storyteller emphasizes the need for free will and the need to make personal choices, though it may lead to destructive outcomes. Being one with God signifies safety and his control, which results in the loss of free will.
The problem of evil questions the nature of God and threatens his status as a figure worthy of worship. Surely human beings would not wish to worship a God that is neither all good nor all-powerful? The figure we call God is seen to be entirely perfect and flawless in every way. The problem of evil also questions God’s omniscience, in respects that he is all knowing. If God is omniscient then he must know the harm that evil does and the suffering it will cause. The attributes in question are the essence of the nature of God and without them he becomes more like a human than a God. If any of God’s characteristics are omitted, he
The theological problem of evil is a problem that many philosophers have tried to solve. The problem is stated as, "if one believes that god is omnipotent and wholly good, why does evil still exist?" In this writing I will discuss the solutions/propositions of John L. Mackie in his work, "Evil and Omnipotence." I will do this in order to illustrate the concept of free will for understanding or resolving the problem, and to reveal how and why Mackie arrives at his conclusions.
The problem of evil has been around since the beginning. How could God allow such suffering of his “chosen people”? God is supposedly all loving (omni-benevolent) and all powerful (omnipotent) and yet He allows His creations to live in a world of danger and pain. Two philosophers this class has discussed pertaining to this problem is B.C. Johnson and John Hick. Johnson provides the theists’ defense of God and he argues them. These include free will, moral urgency, the laws of nature, and God’s “higher morality”. Hick examines two types of theodicies – the Augustinian position and the Irenaeus position. These positions also deal with free will, virtue (or moral urgency), and the laws of nature. Johnson
A creation story is a supernatural story or explanation that describes the beginnings of humanity, earth, life, and the universe. Religion plays a significant role in the establishment of Creation for both the Native Americans and the Puritans. “The people known collectively as the Iroquois were made up of the Mohawk, Seneca, Oneida, Onondaga, and Cayuga nations.” (Cusick 21) “The Iroquois creation myth exists in some twenty-five versions.” (Cusick 22). However, there was no concrete indication from a Native American that coincides with the Iroquois’s belief as of how and when the creation of the world began until David Cusick, transcribed and translated an Iroquois cosmogonic myth in the nineteenth century. David Cusick became the first Native American to record on Atotarho. Grounded in nature the Iroquois religion portrays the natural foundations of the world and continue to believe that all things/people should live in harmony. The Iroquois believes that The Great Spirit would indirectly guide the lives of ordinary people and opposed that The Great Spirit and other forces of good were Evil Spirit and other lesser spirits responsible for disease and other misfortune. Corn, beans, and squash were referred to as the three sisters and thought of as deities or spiritual beings. The Iroquois believed that ordinary humans could not communicate directly with Great Spirit but could do so indirectly by burning tobacco, which carried their prayers to the lesser spirits
Pope Francis declares evolution and Big Bang theory are real and God is not 'a magician with a magic wand'.
Whether or not evil is the absence of good is a question that has puzzled Christians since the time of St. Augustine of Hippo. In The Confessions of St. Augustine, he initiates this premise and argues in its favor. Discourse about evil is based on the Christian theological teachings of the omniscience, omnipotence, and perfect benevolence of God as well as the understanding that evil is present in this world. Since these four concepts are contradictory, one of them must be rejected. Thus, St. Augustine argues that evil does not exist. I find St. Augustine’s explanation to be satisfying.