This paper contributes to the auditing literature by investigating empirically auditors’ responses to overlapping membership on audit and compensation committees (overlapping committees) and the equity holdings by overlapping audit committee members. Boards of directors are at the helm of corporate governance and work through sub-committees (Adams, Hermalin, & Weisbach, 2010; Hermalin & Weisbach, 1998; Hermalin & Weisbach, 2003). Delegating different board functions to distinct committees represents a separation of tasks and functions, and has been strongly recommended as a suitable mechanism for improving corporate governance (Kesner, 1988; Spira & Bender, 2004). Two important sub-committees found in modern organisations are the audit and compensation committees. The audit committee is a subcommittee of the board of directors with delegated authority to oversee the auditing and financial reporting-related matters of the firm. The compensation committee, on the other hand, is entrusted with responsibility for setting managerial pay, including an optimal amount of performance-based incentive pay. The question of whether overlapping membership, where at least one audit committee member is also on the compensation committee, is desirable from a governance perspective has received increasing attention from professionals and researchers (Chandar, Chang, & Zheng, 2012; Habib & Bhuiyan, 2014; KPMG, 2008; Liao & Hsu, 2013). The rationale for overlapping membership is based on the
in order to obtain stronger or more persuasive evidence, the “bank balance” reported by the
In 2015, the Legislative Joint Auditing Committee audited Hector School District. In the Summary of Auditor’s Results and Financial Statement Findings, the auditors did indicate a material weakness in internal control. Here, the specific requirement noted that management is where the responsibility falls for implementing sound accounting policies and maintaining internal control over financial procedures that are consistent with their own assertions found in the financial statements. The stated condition for this material weakness was that the district failed to segregate financial duties among qualified employees. Instead, one sole employee was in charge of all of the financial accounting duties. Thus, the school
Quality Objectives - The quality objectives define measurable goals relative to the company's quality management system. Requirements on the quality objectives are in ISO 9001:2008 section 5.4.1.
The Auditor by James K. Loebbecke tells a story about the life and career of an auditor named Jack Butler. The book shows Jack’s career from his education all the way to his promotion to partner. Loebbecke designed this story about Jack as a teaching tool to give students an understanding about the life of an auditor.
In the last decade, the world of business has been subjected to significant changes. Globalization has given a new meaning to the way in which business is now conducted; i.e. business in a world devoid of geographical boundaries or time zones. Global expansion has also given rise to many emerging firms and laid the foundations for fierce competition amongst existing industries. Internal auditing is no exception. In order not to face complacency or obsolescence, the internal auditing industry has to be proactive and adapt to changing market trends.
Directors have awarded compensation packages that go well beyond what is required to attract and hold on to executives and have rewarded even poorly performing executives. These executive pay excesses come at the expense of shareholders as well as the company and its employees. Furthermore, a poorly designed executive compensation package can reward decisions that are not in the long-term interests of a company. Excessive CEO pay is essentially a corporate governance problem. When CEOs have too much power in the boardroom, they are able to extract what economists' call "economic rents" from shareholders (Economic rent is distinct from economic profit, which is the difference between a firm's revenues and the opportunity cost of its inputs). The board of directors is supposed to protect shareholder interests and minimize these costs. At approximately two-thirds of US companies, the CEO sits as the board's chair. When one single person serves as both chair and CEO, it is impossible to objectively monitor and evaluate his or her own performance.
Due to the information, 20 acres of land equal 80 sheep according to the exchange rate of last year, a one-room cabin equal 3 acres of land and equal 12 sheep finally, a plow equals 2 goat and equal 2/3 sheep according to last year’s exchange rate and 2 carts which were traded with a poor acre of land equals 8 sheep plus 400 sheep. So Deyonne’s total assets are 500(2/3) sheep. Deyonne’s liabilities and assets deduction are 35 sheep plus 3 sheep, which will come to 38 sheep,
The audit senior has produced this report as a result of management restricting access to significant evidence, resulting in a lack of evidence to support the capitalization of research and development costs as an intangible asset. The audit senior is correct in identifying that limitation on scope has been imposed by management. The results of trials and tests of new drug would be a vital element of must audit work and without the results to demonstrate that the development costs will lead to future economic benefit, it is not possible to conclude that the accounting treatment is correct. However the imposed limitation has not been explained in audit report. A paragraph should have been included in the report which explains the matter giving rise to modification.
After much research and time spent on understanding the inner working of Alchemy Inc., we have found some internal control weaknesses that could lead to potential fraud. Our audit procedures are designed to address internal control weaknesses and subsequent fraud risks in the most efficient and cost effective manner. We hope with our recommendation that Alchemy inc. will be able to minimize the risk of financial misstatement. We believe these concepts will have many positive impacts on the firm’s long-term
Disney’s audit committee charter pertains to the committee's authority, purpose, structure, and its responsibilities to the company itself. The audit committee assists the board of directors in overseeing the reliability of the financial statements; compliance with company regulations and the law; external auditors’ qualifications and their ability to be independent; as well as their performance within the company, including that of the internal
A company’s board of directors, specifically its compensation committee, is responsible for determining executive compensation. Much of that power is subjective, and various studies have shown that the compensation justification is both fair at times or unfair at other times.
clients from the operations they certify. Since they share none of the gains and are
Previously Kudler Fine Foods had asked accounting firm 123 Accounting for their recommendation on a system which would improve automation in their business processes. Accounting firm 123 Accounting provided Kudler with a recommended course of action to take towards automating their accounting information system, as well as provided a flowchart to assist in describing the process by which the software will help management consolidate their financial data. Currently Kudler is asking accounting firm 123 Accounting for a proposal for audit schedules for the systems previously mentioned.
Introduction. The author studies the relationships between the director overlap and financial reporting quality, and for that purpose, analyzes the compensation measurement system and how it tights to performance (p. 183). The researcher also focuses on the impact of audit committee on the reporting and disclosure. The main objective of the research is to examine the impact of director overlap on earnings, compensation of executives and independence of the audit committee on financial performance, ethical financial reporting, and disclosure. The importance of the study lies in analysis of the control issues, equity-based measures, interests of shareholders, managers’ ability to prevent fraud, independent financial experts, ethics requirement for reporting, and SEC ethics rule. The author considers two problems: how the level or degree of audit committee independence affect the quality of financial reporting; and the relationship between cash incentives and compensation (p. 184).
Boards of Directors, CEO Ownership, and the Use of Non-Financial Performance Measures in the CEO Bonus Plan