Christians et al. classify “the basic tasks of journalism in a democracy under three main headings:
1. The task of observing and informing, primarily as a service to the public
2. The task of participating in public life as an independent actor by way of critical comment, advice, advocacy and expression of opinion
3. The task of providing a channel, forum, or platform for extramedia voices or sources to reach a self-chosen public” (pp. 116).
This “tasks” could be developed and performed by journalism in four types of outlets, in their specific media systems, characterized by Christians et al. as it follows (p. 117):
1. The internally pluralist and secular media that seek to maximize circulation, which appeal to a wide range of audiences
2. The externally pluralist commercial media that seek to maximize circulation, but orienting its content to a like-minded audience
3. The partisan media, noncommercial and in a small scale, oriented to ideas of a particular group
4. The minority media of opinion and debate
The authors display these types of media in a diagram (p. 118) in order to organize and visualize the way in which different outlets and journalism can be located in a continuum between open access and closed access (to audiences) and the media as an observer or a participant (that can be used as a weapon).
Within this landscape, Christians et al. point out the most typical journalistic roles, as it follows (p. 12):
1. The monitorial role
2. The facilitative role
3.
It being the leading source of news since the printing press. We put our faith in the media to report accurate facts unbiasedly. Between 1983 and now the media industry has consolidated from 50 individual companies to 6. That means that though the impression given is that there are a multitude of sources to attain information, the messages being communicated are all one in the same. The limitation of media sources cause a ripple effect of limited information, allowing these companies to control the public’s perception on
The purpose of this report is to analyse journalism practices employed in newspaper reporting across different outlets and to analyse if the practice was in line with the media
The discourse community of broadcast journalists is a broad community, but can be narrowed down to smaller groups. As a discourse community journalist come in as novices, but carry the opportunity to ascend in their profession, to become an anchor for a national news network. The fundamental goal of journalists is to educate the public with events that take place daily, both domestically and internationally. With this fundamental goal at hand, news networks run astray, to where they begin to host biased opinions, with means to draw in a certain audience. These biases are presented by the networks reflect a political bias, religious bias, and social bias that can impact the facts of the story
Specifically, the term ‘media’ in the context of this article refers to journalistic news sources that are
Opposed to the author’s main points, the argument can be made that reporters have the job of telling the truth, which represents
Over the course of media coverage and journalism, many have believed diversity to be differing in gender, race, and age. Diversity not only embodies these three, but many more qualities such as, nationality, sexual orientation, socioeconomic backgrounds and outlook. If there is diversity in the media, it will decrease the amount of favoritism for a particular topic and allow different opinions to join forces to create a well rounded opinion. In the article, “Dear Mainstream Media: Why So Liberal?” the author included a statement by Teri
The role of media has often been a subject of much debate, particularly in terms of its role in portraying and conveying truth to the target audience. Some argue upon its utility as a means to disseminate information and to rectify perceptions and facts in the minds of the viewers; while others squabble on the amount of misrepresentation which is often adopted by media as a means to project baseless arguments which lead to severe impact on the minds, especially those who are unlearned and uneducated. In today’s burgeoning era, the role of media still remains a largely disputed topic but fragmentation of media has become a broadly accepted and also, widely noticed phenomenon. Not only have new
In today’s society, remaining connected and knowledgeable of current events and the newest trends is vital to staying ahead in business, education, and social standing. This information is supplied to everyone through the internet, newspapers, television, and radio. One can tune into stations such as CNN, NBC, Fox News, Al-Jazeera, and many others (“SQs of Media Outlets”). In order to meet the needs of viewers, readers, and listeners, the ideal media system would contain accurate, quick information, with a purely impartial view on the facts as they are known. However, this modern media system has not maintained an objective view, pushing opinionated and slanted reporting onto the population in order to create profit and gain customers. The exploitation of information media for personal gain has created a toxic and inaccurate present, constant in today’s society.
The content of the media is the fault of the people’s desire. Media publishers such as the New York Times Company, CBS, and Viacom are businesses raking in billions in revenue by meeting public demand. It is public demand for specific stories which dominate media publication and broadcasting. For example, the development of uber-conservative Breitbart and alt-left Slate developed as a result of conservative and liberal yearnings for biased media outlets. Before Breitbart and Slate, and other partisan news sources, established media either leaned center-right, or center-left but surges of conservatism and liberalism were visible in election returns during the turn of the 21st century. It is a result of this surge of liberalism and conservatism
Do news, entertainment, and advertising media give the people what they want, or tell the people what they want? Can the media be objective, and should they be? How can it be that conservatives are convinced that the media have a left-wing bias while leftist are equally convinced the media have a right-wing bias” (Lazere 304)? These sort of issued have been debated for decades and sometimes have lead to some form of verbal and physical altercation.
in Rethinking the Media Audience: The New Agenda, edited by Pettri Alasuutari. New York: Sage Publications.
Nowadays journalists have the responsibility to report facts as accurately, objectively, and disinterestedly as is humanly possible. ‘’The, honest, self-disciplined, well-trained reporter seeks to be a propagandist for nothing but the truth’’ (Casey, 1944b).
Diversity in media has been a topic of concerns for years now. The diversity across all areas of media has seen significant change from that of the 50’s and 60’s. Comparatively, media representation has seen somewhat of a golden age in regards to diversity. Unfortunately, despite the progress we have made as a nation, we still have a ways to go in regards to properly diversifying our various forms of media. There are a few ways in which we can begin to diversify the how media is produced and well as how it is viewed. The media will need to get away from the status quo, media needs to portray a collective view and finally proper education and insight into the mindset of the target audience will help diversify the media.
(Spayd)” The work of journalism and photography keeps an important role of collecting information and sharing it with others. The shared knowledge that photographers and journalists provide allows for the public to assemble and have a voice.
To wholly have a grasp on how this new founded approach to journalism has changed alongside technology—as well as understanding the dangers such openness brings forth—one has to understand what exactly those changes are. Primarily, those that are writing for the sake of offering information have, whether willingly or not, fed into the usage of social media as it has become a centralized method of distribution that is relatively inescapable with the current times. As such those framing the news for the masses find an authentic avenue to stay in contact via social media that has benefits ranging from, “its extraordinary newsgathering potential; its potential as a new tool to engage the audience; and as a way of distributing our news” (Eltringham, 2012), all of which are deeply different from the presentation of reporting that occurred during earlier eras. Days of strongly structured instances of journalism that could not travel with such speed have been replaced as, “social media has trashed many of the foundations on