The Belmont Report: Ethical Principles For Research

The National Association of Social Workers states “The primary mission of the social work profession is to enhance human well-being and help meet basic human needs of all people, with particular attention to the needs and empowerment of people who are vulnerable, oppressed, and living in poverty” (NASW, 2017, p. 1). Social work has always been around due to the constant reality of poverty but was not an actual job title until Jane Addams a Quaker woman in 1889 opened up her organization the Hull House. She began drawing attention to the needs of people in America by getting involved with politics with the goal of introducing laws that would help people in need. Before Jane Addams brought attention to the issues, churches were doing their best

They used these participants for study. This study lasted 40 years. In 1979, the Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects of Research were published (The Belmont Report). The Belmont Report proposed the following three basic principles for the evaluation of research involving human subjects:

To ensure that a researcher’s enthusiasm for knowledge and understanding doesn’t let them get carried away, clear guidelines for ethical behaviour in research, a Code of Ethics, have been established by governments, institutions and various professional societies such as the American Psychological Association(APA), the British Psychological Society (BPS) and the Psychological Society of Ireland (PSI).

In this case study, there were a few incidents of violations of ethics. In 1998, Callahan recommends that researchers should follow the three ethical issues: Autonomy, beneficence, and human justice. Autonomy is the first ethical principle that a researcher should respect the participate and make sure that informed consent has been given. The participates of this study was not aware the risk or what the study was about and actually could not give consent legally because they were minors. Johnson and Tudor did not give full disclosure of this research to the minors, teachers, or matrons at the orphanage. Beneficence is the second ethical principle; the researcher should maximize

Institutional Review Board. On September 30, 1978, the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research submitted its report entitled “The

A 35-year-old man named Paul, who has a supportive wife and two adventurous kids, has been diagnosed with a very severe case of bone cancer for 1 year now. Since this type of cancer is so severe, chemotherapy is starting to not work as well. Paul’s oncologist unfortunately had to suggest a final option for Paul to try which was a clinical research trial. Clinical research trials are experimental studies that deem whether or not a medical drug, treatment, surgery, or device is safe and beneficial for humans to use ("National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"). As explained in Marcia Angell’s Article, “The Ethics of Clinical Research in the Third World”, the Declaration of Helsinki of the World Health Organization (WHO) provides a guideline

Throughout the history of psychological studies unprincipled violations have constructed ethical standards that are essential in today’s research. These moral dilemmas created established professional and federal standards for performing research with human and animal participants, known as, psychological ethical codes. The Tuskegee syphilis study and the Stanford prison experiment highlighted a psychological study without proper patients’ consent and appropriate treatment, resulting in a research disaster with unethical incidents.

The APA ethical guidelines help to ensure that all psychological research maintains the integrity that it does not do harm or conflicts with the majority of the human populations moral ethical codes. However, in some situations the APA ethical guidelines must be viewed as just that: guidelines. If a study has the potential to benefit humanity as a whole and does not result in the permanent or irreparable harm to a human being then some guidelines must be permitted to be stretched or even broken in the interest of human advancement and scientific progression. After all the goal and responsibility of a psychologist is to enhance our understanding of human behavior as well as to find ways to use this information to better society and humanity

The Belmont Report identified three principles essential to the ethical conduct of research with humans:

In examining how nanotechnology can eliminate a virus like human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) using the method of experiments, one must consider the ethical principles before they may conduct this investigation. This experiment involves the use of human subjects and therefore the Belmont Report will inform ethical considerations for this study. “It is important to distinguish between biomedical and behavioral research . . . in order to know what activities ought to undergo review for the protection of human subjects of research” (The Belmont Report). A researchers first concern is not the outcomes of the experiment but the participants safety. The Belmont Report states there are three basic ethical principles: respect for persons, beneficence, and justice.

Psychological research has been growing and developing new ways of studying human behavior, collecting knowledge and expanding our understanding of our nature. For instance, studies involving human subjects presented risks for violation of ethical research guidelines, by pushing the limits of human experience (Kim, 2012). Throughout history, there have been numerous studies that elevated this concern, such as the Milgram Experiment of 1963. One of the major ethical raised was that it lacked informed consent from the participants and eventually raised the issue of protecting human subjects. This paper examines the ethical compliance in psychological research and emphasizes the importance of ethics and professionalism by analyzing different

In 1981 the U.S. Department for Health and Human Services (DHHS) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) codified the ethical principles of the Belmont Report into a set of federal regulations. This has become known as the 45 code of federal regulations part 46 (45 CFR part 46). These regulations provide an outline for documenting informed consent; the actions of the institutional review board (IRB); and regulations for protecting vulnerable people.

Site Management Organizations (SMO) are guided by the ethical principles applied to all research involving humans as subjects, as set forth in the report of the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research, titled: Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects of Research (the "Belmont Report"). These principles are defined in the Belmont Report (Appendix A) as follows:

The three principles mentioned respect for persons, beneficence, and justice are the Belmont Report principles.

Melvin Harris has a stern and slightly condescending tone when he addresses the contributors of this investigation. With the knowledge of knowing that the reports were false, due to the chloroacetamide that was found in the samples. He says, “We [Nick Warren and Melvin Harris] had already established the fact that it was a modern forgery.” However, Harris’ main focus is on the individuals who were conducting the tests and is curious as to why different scientists received different answers from different tests. Undoubtedly, he is concerned. More specifically, Harris asked Mrs. Harrison at Leeds University to perform the tests on the samples, but she used contaminated equipment. Therefore, her data was inconsistent. He finds this outrageous that she would carry on so. He’s also curious as to why Dr. Estaugh detected sodium in the ink and she disagreed. This runaround brings forth the topic of science ethics and whether or not any person on this team is trustworthy.