The Black Death : Research Due Friday 16

The Black Death discusses the causes and results of the plague that devastated medieval Europe. It focuses on the many effects it had on the culture of medieval Europe and the possibility that it expedited cultural change. I found that Robert S. Gottfried had two main theses in the book. He argued that rodent and insect life cycles, as well as the changing of weather systems affect plague. He claimed that the devastation plague causes is partly due to its perpetual recurrences. Plague ravaged Europe in cycles, devastated the people when they were recuperating. As can be later discovered in the book, the cycles of plague consumed the European population. A second thesis, which he described in greater detail,

(n.d.). Deutsches Medizinhistorisches Museum | Aktuell | Objektgeschichten | April 2011: Pestarztmaske. Retrieved December 11, 2016, from http://www.dmm-ingolstadt.de/index.php?id=85 1): I know this is an academic source because it is the official page of the museum of medicine located on Germany, one of the many countries that was part of the Frank empire2): This Article made by Prof. Dr. Marion Ruisinger tells us that these masks were first used in the 14th century when the Black Death started. Doctors and surgeons used this mask to treat patients with the plague because it was thought that the foul air caused the disease so they filled the beak with sponged filled with essences and fragrances, Also the opening of the eyes was covered with

The anticipated research paper will be taking into consideration the perspectives of the individuals that lived and died as a result of the Black Death, specifically from the year 1348 CE – 1350 CE and in the better known parts of the world during that period, the reactions, preventative measure that were taken to combat the plague, the religious and governmental response. In the collection of primary sources amassed by John Aberth in The Black Death, 1348-1350: the great mortality of 1348-1350 ; a brief history with documents1 he very succinctly provides a condensed description of each document by giving a background of the author as well as the source of the primary source. Aberth manages to do this while remaining impartial, an

My topic is about the black plague. I choose this topic because I thought that it would be interesting to learn about the most catastrophic disease to happen in Europe. The exchange of the black throughout Europe was the greatest catastrophe ever because it killed 50 million people, more than any other bug or virus, there were smaller breakouts, and family’s abandoned each other.

The Black Death was one of the most life-changing pandemics in history. It was first discovered 550 years later in the 1800s by Alexandre Yersin, a french biologist. In his honor, the plague was named Yersinia Pestis. The plague traveled in two major ways. Yersin discovered that it traveled by infected fleas; the flea would attempt to feed on a human or animal and would then regurgitate the disease into the new host, further spreading the illness. Urban areas across Europe were populous with rats, which were one of the main hosts of the plague. These rodents spread the Black Death throughout cities in days. The unaffected still were not safe if they did not come in contact with an infected flea or rat. The plague also traveled pneumonically, or through the air. It caused large boils full of blood and pus, which would pop and spread. Another symptom was coughing, which was one of the many ways of proliferation. The disease eventually spread throughout Europe and killed a third of it’s population. It’s wrath caused many shortages, loss in hope, riots, and even some good things, such as many changes in art, science, and education. Therefore, the Black Death was one of the most life-changing pandemics in history.

“The Black Death: The Great Mortality of 1348-1350” presents an entirely different kind of trial than the one provided by Einhard and Notker. Where Charlemagne’s struggle was often glorious combat with his fellow man, the battle against the plague had none of the nobility and prestige of conquest, and while Charles strove for power, humanity during the plague fought only for survival. The world was well familiarized with violent ambitions of powerful men, but a disease that ended roughly half of the lives in Europe (Aberth, 269) was a trial in unfamiliar terrain. A chronicler, Agnolo di Tura recounted that “So many have died that everyone believes it is the end of the World” (Aberth, 278). The now clichéd phrase of the “enemy of my enemy

Being a part of the circulatory system, lymphatic vessels link all the major organs to the main circulation. Apart from a network of conduits, the lymphatic system also connects various lymphoid tissues. Lymph nodes, spleen, liver and the bone marrow are all part of the lymphoid system. Together, these systems play a vital role in the body's defense mechanisms. (Martini & Bartholomew, 2010)

Imagine the world as it is. There are many people living on the planet at a given time. Now imagine that out of the estimated 7 billion people on earth, about 4,200,000,000 people were suddenly eradicated because of a disease infesting just a part of the world. No, it isnt a scene or plot from a horror movie, this horrible reality is actually fact and has already happened in the distant past. I am talking, of course, of the Black Death of Europe. The Black Death or as its also known as “Bubonic Plague”, was a serious pandemic that infected Europe and nearly wiped out 60% of its population during its 2 year spread all across Europe. A rough estimate of about 60-200 million people were claimed as victims of The Black Death. At the time,

Lymphatic massage was introduced in the 1930s by Danish physiotherapists Dr. Emil Vodder and his wife (Benjamin, 2010). His wife Astrid Vodder practiced naturopath. Emil Vodder studied at the University of Copenhagen for biology, botany, and mineralogy, later began showing interest in the physical medicine along with the lymphatic system. Vodder knew many scientists who had studied the mysterious “clear water” centuries ago, scientist such as Gaspare Aselli (1581–1626) who discovered the lacteal vessels in the lymphatic system, Jean Pecquet (1622-1674) described the cisterna chyli and the thoracic duct leading to the venous arch (Wittlinger, 2004). Olaus Rudbeck discovered the lymph vessels of the colon and rectum and confirmed that these vessels lead to the cisterna chyli as Aselli had described already. Rudbeck was the first who discovered that the lymph from the tissue runs into lymph vessels and to the thoracic duct back to the blood circulation. In the 18th century it was discovered that the whole body contained lymph vessels and that the task of the lymph vessel system is to absorb tissue liquid. Vodder and his wife moved to Paris, France in 1933 to practice the modality on his patients (Wittlinger, 2004). The concept of lymph drainage by massage therapy is similar to opening a valve of a tube filled with water and allowing the water to flow into another tube to release pressure and alleviate build up in the lymph nodes. The carefully circling pumping movements

The purpose of this exercise is to learn about the lymphatic system and how it works and helps the human body. Why we need it and the components associated with the lymphatic system.

The circulatory system and the lymphatic system are connected because the circulatory system transfers fluid to the entire body, and the lymphatic system is responsible for draining excess fluid from tissues and returning it to the circulatory system. These two systems work together to keep a balance inside our bodies and help with homeostasis. Both the circulatory system and lymphatic system transport waste products, both are responsible for transporting substances throughout the body, and they both carry

The most devastating and tragic mortal disease, the Black Death, spread across Europe in the years of 1346-53. The Black Death became one of the deadliest infectious diseases in history. This fatal and rapidly spreading disease horrified people of its time. The disastrous natural catastrophe was only compounded with other setbacks in fourteenth century Europe. Those set backs include, warfare, religious turmoil and peasant unrest. Also known as the bubonic plague, it struck Europe in 1347 and killed close to 50 million people. This constituted as half of their population, killing entire families and destroying tribes and villages in less than a mere century. To this day there are numerous theories of its origin, symptoms, its quick spreading, artistry and other documents that all reflect on the impact this plague had on society. The terror of the Black Death affected various aspects of European culture, particularly art. At a time of great suffering where traditional forms of grieving associated with death and burial were abandoned, artistry stands alone as being one of the most dominate ways people expressed their fears, sadness and pain. In this essay I will recognize three examples of works of art that reveal the prominent mood of this period of time. I will also discuss the Black Death in detail and the impact it had on the art market as well as the lives of artists and patrons.

In addition to the circulatory system, lymphatic system also participates in both acute and chronic inflammation. The main function of lymphatic system during inflammation is to maintain tissue hemostasis by draining extravascular fluids and macromolecules, which helps drain interstatial fluid that accumulates because of increased vascular permeability. Lymphatic system also plays a role in immune surveillance during normal and inflammatory conditions. The lymphatic vessels help clear antigens and antigen-presenting cells by collecting interstatial fluid. Lymphatic vessels are the principle conduit for to antigens and antigen-presenting cells from peripheral tissues to the lymph nodes,

In the year 1348 the world changed forever. The Black Death, which is another name for the Bubonic Plague, laid havoc on the entire world. “The plague chases the screaming without pity and does not accept a treasure for a ransom. Its engine is far-reaching. The plague enters into the house and swears it will not leave except with all of its inhabitants…” (Al-Wardi, #29, 113). The plague did not care if the people were rich, poor, white, black, Muslim or Catholic, it would kill whomever it could. The plague brought out the worst in people because people acted selfishly, people were completely inhumane, and there was no peace.

The lymphatic system works in three ways. It helps to control the balance of the body’s fluids by draining and cleansing fluid that seeps from the circulatory system during normal cardiovascular circulation. As fluid leaves the circulatory system it enters the tissue cells and whilst the majority of it diffuses back into the vessels of the circulatory system, the remainder enters the open ends of the lymph vessels. The lymphatic system also works with the villi in the digestive system to help deliver fats and absorbed nutrients in the digested food we eat, back to the circulatory system. This fluid is not called