The Brazilian Cycle

In history, what often occurred was that influential individuals who occupied the middle ground during exploration were forgotten. These third-party individuals are called go-betweens and they helped Europeans connect with different cultural groups. The 16th century brought enormous change by the Portuguese to the indigenous groups who lived in Brazil. The colonization of Brazil owes its success to transactional, representational, and physical/biological go-betweens. The book, Go-betweens and the Colonization of Brazil, written by Alida Metcalf explores the roles of these go-betweens and their impact.

To the Taino people, Christopher Columbus and his crew were complete strangers who arrived carrying swords and speaking an unfamiliar language. Yet the Taino men, women, and children quickly emerged from their villages and ran onto the island's beaches to welcome these unwanted guests with food, water, and gifts. (Zinn)

Afro Brazilians have had to deal with centuries of oppression. During these times, Afro-Brazilians have had to deal with various methods, and strategies designed to keep entire communities oppressed. Many of these methods have had effects so profound, they are still affecting many Brazilians till this day. Political oppression is one of the oldest methods known to man, along with unleashing a forceful police force mimicking military forces. Authoritarian rule also played a major role in the shaping of the country. Furthermore, an inept biased justice system will fail those who need protections, and justice the most. These four key modes will be objectively examined, as well as the efficacy of each of these repressive strategies, and the impact that they have had or still have in the Afro-Brazilian communities.

Over the past several decades there has been an increase, in Brazil, of people whom self-identify as being black or Afro-Brazilian. What sparked the rise in these identities in Brazil? Was it possible material and intellectual gains or, sparked from activism, or from other possible factors. The black movement and affirmation of “black” identity came about much later in Brazil than in other countries such as the United States. In my opinion the most important factors for the rise in these identities are the material gains from the Quilombo Clause, the effects of affirmative action and quotas, as well as social activism.

Next year sees the 120th anniversary of the abolition of slavery in Brazil. Some contemporary writers saw the period as an horrific maltreatment of our fellow human beings while others saw through this and viewed the patriarchal and familial advantages that society, especially slaves received. Whichever way one sees it, the period before its abolition saw a huge boost in Brazil’s economy, mainly down to its vast manpower – 37% of all African slaves traded – a massive 3 million men, women and children.

During Brazil’s first few decades of colonialism, the Portuguese decided that to control the population they would directly enslave them. Captured native people were the ones that labored on the first sugar mills. Native slavery was abolished in Brazil in the 1570s but exceptions were made if a Native was captured during “just war”. Although a loophole existed that allowed for Natives to still be enslaved, by the 1590s it didn’t matter because they were

Challengers to the revisionist view that Brazilian slaves only mounted resistance to their condition during the five years prior to the ending of slavery are ill advised to use Slave Resistance and Abolitionism in Brazil: The Campista Case. 1879 – 1888 by Cleveland Donald Jr. to support their view. Donald fails to describe anything more than a resistance by a few slaves in Northern Brazil. The author argues against his own case when presenting the numbers.

Perhaps many people may argue that both the US and Brazil have similar collections of ethnic and racial groups, that is a big minority of indigenous individuals, such as blacks and immigrants from Germany, Italy, and Asia. The presence of the minority groups in both nations was led by activities such as slavery and colonization during the19th-century (Wade, 2017). Chinese predominate the United States while Japanese predominate Brazil. Globalization and the rapid advancement in technology have demonstrated that technological revolution hasn't done much in altering the way of life and the belief of many people (Moran, 2014). With this in mind, I propose research on the differences in culture between Brazilians and Americans. This is because culture is social hence it is not an individual occurrence, it is a product of society, and it grows from social interaction. Culture is differentiable to us by comparison. Thus we should compare different cultures.

The long history between Native American and Europeans are a strained and bloody one. For the time of Columbus’s subsequent visits to the new world, native culture has

One of the country’s oldest cities and the first capital of Brazil, from 1796 to 1888, Salvador de Bahia had witnessed successful blending of European, African and Indigenous cultures. From 1558, the first slave market in the New World, with slaves arriving to work on the sugar plantations and later tobacco fields, Salvador became the poster-child for positive cultural assimilation. The slave trade, which lasted in Bahia until 1888 had a direct impact on the state today; large Afro-Brazilian population and its European, African, and Indigenous blend of cultures. The widespread impact of the slave trade on the county’s inhabitants, culture, and the economy proves that the slave trade in Salvador, Brazil led to more than an economical gain for the Portuguese. I argue that slave and race relations in Salvador, Brazil though atrocious had outcomes that remain vastly different from other colonized country’s experience during this time racially, socially, and economically.

The purpose of this paper is to recognize, study and analyze the race relations in Brazil. Race relations are relations between two groups of different races; it is how these two different races connect to each other in their environment. Since Brazil is racially diverse, this study is focused on how Brazilians relate to each other. Throughout the essay, it will become clear that there exists a conflict between two race groups. Afro-Brazilians and White-Brazilians are not connected and though these two groups converse with each other, discrimination still lies within the society. This discrimination has created inequality within the society for Afro-Brazilians. Thus, this paper will not only focus on racism and discrimination that

The history leading up to Brazil 's introduction into the global marketplace is a harrowing tale involving regime changes, rebellion, and the suffrage of countless native citizens. Brazil has truly run

After 1888’s abolition of slavery, a racial and sexual division of labour took place in Brazil. The subordinating and dehumanizing treatment to slaves changed their form into a racist and contempt rationale that considered ex-slaves’ labour force degrading and unworthy. (Cardoso, 2008). This rationale was behind “the labour problem” in the beginning of the twentieth century: In the eyes of businesspeople, there was a shortage of able workforce in the country; therefore, Europeans should immigrate to Brazil to work in their plantations. This transition to free labour postponed ex-slaves’ formal incorporation into the job market to the second half of the century (Klein and Luna, 2010). As in the United States, there was no gender differentiation

While Brazil development state began in the response of the Great Depression during the economic crisis. The second section of this report describes the formal protection of human rights in the Brazilian criminal justice system, but also explains why these guarantees remain largely on paper. An understanding of why the Brazilian state appears to violate so many of the human rights that its own laws and Constitution guarantee requires some description of the historical political context in which the relationship between them developed. This took on a critical importance during the transition from dictatorship to democracy and its legacy continues to strongly influence Brazilian society and politics, with many

O seguinte estudo apresenta fatos que afetaram o pensamento social desde o final do século XVIII até a atualidade. Abordando pontos críticos na história da humanidade para uma compreensão maior e conseqüentemente objetiva do relacionamento humano na sociedade quando deparada por fatores como: guerras, fome, preconceitos, choques-culturais e desigualdades. O ponto principal é como a consciência humana é afetada pelo meio, dando ênfase ao Brasil no processo de desenvolvimento social. E ao caminho que a sociedade brasileira esta trilhando diante das desigualdades sociais, má distribuição de renda e a formação intelectual do povo.