The Budgeting Process At The United States

Working as the budget director for the mayor of the city of Kelsey, we have recently been getting numerous complaints from the citizens about an increase in crime and also an issue of the public demanding for more police officers. With the population of the city growing daily, the increase of crime is continuing to progress as well. The mayor has informed us that this past year is the highest increase in crime in the city’s history, that the federal government has reduced the federal pass-through money for the state and that the budgeting group needs to revamp the budget for the coming year. Within this document as the

The major problem with the Toronto Police’s budget cuts are that they plan to freeze hiring for three years. This has caused major burnout rates and a reduction in moral in many officers (Fox, 2017). The plan initiated by the Toronto Police this January is one looking at a change to police culture as well as budget reduction. The hiring freeze is a product of the budget, the Toronto Police Service has hit the 1 billion mark as of this year, exceeding any budget ever had in the past (Powell, 2016). The Toronto police have made it their goal to not go over this cap and are doing everything in their power to cut costs. One of the ways they plan on doing this is through a 3-year hiring freeze of all civilian and new cadets (Lee-Shanok,

Although the worst of the fiscal challenge is over, managers need to recognize that there will not be a return to the way things were prior to 2007. As Generation X'ers move into management roles, the advancement of technology makes public safety more efficient, the service model will begin to change. The philosophy of doing more with less will start to emerge. “In the paper “Making Policing More Affordable: Managing Costs and Measuring Value in Policing,” published by the National Institute of Justice, authors George Gascon and Todd Foglesong suggest that the police model should be more like a medical model. In year’s past, when visiting the doctor's office, a physician performed virtually all of the testing, taking temperatures, measuring blood pressure, and so forth”(Matarese,

The budgetary process in the United States is complex due to a large bureaucracy and amounts of money. However, the machinations can be determined through careful research and analysis. This author examines the three divisions of the federal criminal justice system with regard to the budgetary process each is involved in. A broad description of the federal budget process is detailed in the opening pages. Following this is a breakdown of how each criminal justice department accesses funds, and a conclusive analysis of reasons for budget shortfalls or gains.

Administrative planning and decision-making is necessary for efficient and effective operations management in any setting (Roberts, 2000). Police administrative planning becomes the first step in successful management of the department. Planning provides administrative officials with better information, an analysis of the problem at hand, clarity of goals, objectives, and procedures (Swanson, Territo, & Taylor, 2012). Planning results in more active distribution of resources, program development and performance, increased inter- and intradepartmental collaboration and organization. Planning provides the opportunity for greater public support and a clear sense of direction for the police department with increased commitment of personnel. There are many approaches to planning. However, the most commonly used approach is

The State of New York’s budget process involves six phases namely: The Call; The Executive Budget; Public Hearings; Legislative Amendments; Enactment Phase; and Implementation Phase. The budget process or cycle formally begins after the budget director issues the memorandum policy referred to as “The Call Letter” to heads of agencies. The Call Letter marks the official commencement of the budget process and starts at August and last through to October. As the early-mid fall approaches, each agency assembles a final program package and is then send to the Budgetary Division. By the time December starts, the budgetary division normally has completed the preliminary commendations for both the revenues and expenditures, and subsequently presents them to respective Governor Office (New York State Government, n.d.).

When it comes to the government not many people fully understand what is going on, especially when it comes to the budget and how they decide what to spend things on. Some people just tend to look at a country and see a huge amount of debt and just assume that the country isn’t doing well. When people look at the United States of America they see a country that is a world power. People see a country that overcame many conflicts and is still trying to develop further, as much as possible. A country that has a lot of opportunities. But those opportunities would be in place if there wasn’t a process for the federal government budget. The United States government is filled with many checks and balances to avoid conflicts. Whether it’s though

According to Shultz (2002), individuals and businesses fund the Federal Government through personal income and payroll taxes. With the unemployment rate at 8.1% as of January 1st, 2014 (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2014), created an overall shortage in both individual and business taxes.

Over the last several years, most police departments have been facing numerous financial challenges. The main reason is law enforcement agencies are expected to do more with less and the stagnant economy. The combination of these factors has been placing pressure on many departments to begin imposing budget cuts. Evidence of this can be seen with a survey that was conducted by the University of North Carolina. They found that 67% of police departments made some kind of budget cuts for 2011. The most severe reductions were occurring in large police departments such as Los Angeles, Atlanta and Detroit. (Delfem, 2011, pp. 199 - 205) This is illustrating one of the most pressing issues affecting a wide variety of police departments across the country. To fully understand what is happening requires: examining the situation, how they are able to interact with other agencies (i.e. state / federal) and recommending the way this relationship can be improved. Together, these elements will offer specific insights about how police departments can effectively address this problem.

Criminal Justice is a wide and varied field, with jobs ranging from police officer to analyst to court reporter. Each occupation helps the community in some way, whether that be helping protect citizen from criminals, or analyzing the evidence that will help catch criminals. Despite the vast differences between jobs in the Criminal Justice field, each has one thing in common: Criminal Justice workers cannot do their jobs correctly without the necessary funding. The issue of funding affects some careers, like police officers, more than others, but lack of funding still poses a large threat to the entire field. This paper will examine five sources that discuss the lack of funding in the Criminal Justice field, as well as how various people and organizations are affected by the budget cuts and the limitations of these sources.

The United States Constitution in Article 1, Section 8, Clause 1, designates the "power of the purse" as a function of Congress. It gives Congress the role of the negotiator of the use of public funds, and to make sure the federal budget reflects the values of a majority of Americans. It also includes the power to create and collect taxes and to borrow money when needed. Consequently, Congress creates a new budget every year. This annual congressional budget process is also called the appropriations process. The first step in the process is done by the President of the United States. He starts the federal budget process by sending a budget request to Congress each February for the coming fiscal year, which always begins on October 1st. The

Most would agree that departments need more funding. However, there are discrepancies regarding where to place these funds. "Police

One of the largest issues plaguing police departments in United States is under staffing Under staffing has become ramp it all over the United States. Under staffing creates issues not only for officers with in a department but also within society as a whole. “The rate of sworn officers current habitats was 2.4 per 1000 in the nation in 2011. The rate of total full-time employees, civilian and sworn was 3.4 per 1000.” (Police Employee Data)

assisting the president with production of budget. The OMB is responsible for making sure agencies, policies, and procedures are in compliance with the president’s policies. It is the largest office within the Executive Office of the President of the United States.

The Allegheny County Police Department has stakeholders -- the citizens of the County, municipal police departments, the County Council, and the local justice system -- and all have interest in a police department runs efficiently and effectively. The County Manager’s office should choose key performance indicators (KPIs) that are relatively standard across police reporting, easily understood by the public and other stakeholders, and reflective of the quality of department performance, not just outside influence. The US Department of Justice (USDOJ) Community Oriented Policing Service (COPS) has published best practices on effective performance measures for law enforcement. I recommend using these KPIs as baseline indicators.