The Cardiopulmonary System

In conclusion, the respiratory and cardiovascular systems are directly related in a complex manner, relying on one another to perform their physiological functions. Only together can both systems work to maintain the body’s internal balance, this is evident when physical demand is higher than normal. In order to meet this demand, the heart must pump more nutrient-rich blood around the body; however it needs oxygen to do this, in response the

Deacreased vascular resistance and increased arterial pressure causes an increase in blood flow. This is important to supply organs with oxygen. 4. Restate your predictions that were correct and give data from your experiment that support them. Restate your predictions that were not correct and correct them with supporting data from your experiment. MAP would increase due to increase in activity, SVR would decrease due to decrease in resistance, CO would increase due to more force of blood being expelled.

Subpoint- The increase in the blood circulation will lead to an increase in the circulation that surrounds the organs.

As the process occurs with each heart beat, it is easy to see that John’s heart is under continuous strain from the added work. Pinneo/19958 feels that any factor that puts strain on the heart causing it to work hard is one of the causes of heart failure.

1.The fluid surrounding tissue cells is called? interstitial fluid.2.What are the functions performed by the circulatory system?-The circulatory system supplies oxygen and nutrients to our body by working with the respiratory system.- It also helps carry waste and carbon dioxide out of the body3.What is the fluid type that holds many of the human body fluids? Intracellular fluid4. Name fluids that are nearly identical in content except for proteins. Plasma and interstitial fluids.5.What function of blood is most critical to life on a second to second basis? Blood Regulation6.What fluid has the highest concentration of proteins? Intracellular fluids7.What is the most prevalent positive ion in interstitial fluids? Sodium8.What is the principal

The research conducted by Foster-Fitzpatrick, Ortiz, Sibilano, Marcantonio and Braun (1999) is a quantitative study of the significance of crossing the legs while blood pressure is being measured. The purpose of the research was to determine whether leg-crossing impacted the results of blood pressure measurements. The research conducted by Palese, Skrap, Fachin, Visioli and Zannini (2008) is a qualitative study of the subjective data collected from patients who experienced while-awake craniotomies.

When you are resting your legs and head they are level to your heart, when you sit up your head is over your heart so you heart works somewhat harder to pump blood up to your mind. what's more, when you stand you heart needs to pump blood out with much more weight to have the capacity to get it to your legs and head. this is the reason you get dizzy when you are sitting and stand out of the blue since when you are sitting your blood tends to pool up in your legs and standing out of the blue sends a sudden immense burst of a great deal of blood to your brain.

A 37-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department 15 minutes after falling down a flight of stairs. On arrival, she has shortness of breath, right-sided chest pain, right upper quadrant abdominal pain, and right shoulder pain. She is otherwise healthy. She drinks 1–2 beers occasionally and takes no medications. She appears pale. Her temperature is 37°C (98.6°F), pulse is 115/min, respirations are 20/min, and blood pressure is 85/45 mm Hg. Examination shows several ecchymoses over the right chest. There is tenderness to palpation over the right chest wall and right upper quadrant of the abdomen. Bowel sounds are normal. Cardiopulmonary examination shows no abnormalities. Neck veins are flat. Which of the following is the most likely

If Nurse Hathaway gave a patient suffering from dehydration distilled water, she was setting him up to die. According to the basic rules of osmosis, “water chases the solutes”, meaning the water is going to diffuse into areas with more solutes than where it is now. Usually patients who are being treated of dehydration are given a saline solution where there is about the same number of solutes in both the solution and inside the cells so there isn’t any drastic water movement into or out of the cell. Distilled water is completely free of all solutes, so when Nurse Hathaway gave this patient distilled water, she was giving him a solution that has a solute concentration that was much less that what is inside of the person’s cells. This would be referred to as a hypotonic reaction, where the water would end up chasing the solutes into the cell and making the cells fill with water. After a while, the water would rush into all of the cells in this patient and make them grow so large until they burst. This is a major problem that is hard to reverse, even if she would have caught it early, because the amount of liquids they use to restore a person in dehydration is very high. Sooner or later all of his cells would start burst and not function anymore, which will make his body start to shut down. Specifically, red blood cells are found in a

When a person stands upright, 300-800mL of blood moves downward to the abdomen and lower extremities causing blood pooling within 10s of standing. The compensatory reflexes help increase the sympathetic nervous system output and reduce the parasympathetic nervous system output. There is normally 10-15 bpm increase in the heart rate. The systolic blood pressure remains constant and the diastolic blood pressure normally increases slightly (Shelia et al).

In 2014, Robert Klabunde, a doctor and expert in cardiovascular physiology concepts gave expert clarification on the topic when he explains that fluid in the body is known primarily as the blood that is transferred from the heart to all the vessels that carry the blood. The physical factors, called hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure, direct the movement of the fluids within the space between cells and blood vessels, which is known as the interstitial space. (Klabunde, 2014). Hydrostatic pressure is a pressure that is exerts a force at equilibrium because of gravity. Osmotic pressure is the minimum pressure needed to apply to prevent movement of water across a membrane. These pressures allows the fluid to remain balanced within the interstitial compartment (Klabunde, 2014). If these pressure are altered, then fluid will increase in the interstitial compartment; ultimately causing swelling to occur in the

This is because of gravity that forces blood towards the the lower limbs and hence less blood is going towards the heart; venous return decreases. Hence cardiac output decreases, which in turn decreases MAP. This is clearly seen through the results from the experiment: where MAP dropped from 105 to 82 mmHg soon immediately after standing. (CO dropped from 7.4 to 5.6 L/min). So we can say that immediately after standing the upper part of the body have poor perfusion.

The patient should be seated with the feet flat on the floor. The BP is obtained in both arms,

reports the amount of force exerted by the blood into the arteries during ventricular contraction.

To start off the experiment, a baseline was needed in order to be able to compare the different variables through out the experiment. The subject was instructed to sit and relax quietly while the blood pressure cuff and pulse plethysmograph were placed properly. After the blood pressure was taken and analyzed, it was found that the subject’s blood pressure was 122/64 mm Hg and a pulse rate of 60 bpm. Now that the baseline was obtained, continuing with the changing variables could take place. Starting with the variable of postural changes, the subject first reclined for three minutes. After the two minutes, the