The Characteristics Of Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences

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Howard Gardner introduced the theory of multiple intelligences stating that each person possesses a blend of at least eight different kinds of intelligence: verbal/linguistic, logical/mathematical, visual/spatial, bodily/kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and environmental/naturalistic (Bruno, 2009).

In “A Rounded Version: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences”, Howard Gardner illustrates how there are a variety of intelligences. Gardner starts off with an example how IQ tests may predict achievement in school but may not predict achievement in life. After finding out certain parts of the brain are responsible for certain functions, such as “Broca’s Area” which is responsible for sentence production, Gardner proposes the existence of multiple intelligences. Multiple studies later led him to propose seven distinct intelligences; Musical, bodily-kinesthetic, logical-mathematical, linguistic, spatial, interpersonal, and intrapersonal. Each intelligence has certain classifications. According to Gardner’s classifications, I realized my intelligences are bodily-kinesthetic, logical-mathematical, and intrapersonal.

Charles Spearman's model of intelligence and Howard Gardner's multiple intelligence theory are two of the most widely used theories of intelligence. In order to understand how similar the two theories are we must first understand their differences. These two men differed in opinion on how IQ and intelligence should be measured, and they differed in opinion on what made a person "smart". In order to examine these things they first had to understand the human brain and how it works. They had to examine the human study habits and rituals, along with the human test taking habits.

     A renowned professor of education and psychology at Harvard University, Howard Gardner has radically changed the way we look at intelligence. In 1983 Gardner published the first of two books that theorize that there are multiple intelligences. Gardner believes “that human cognitive competence is better described in terms of a set of abilities, talents, or mental skills, which we call “intelligence” (378). Gardner’s theory dismisses the idea that intelligence is a single attribute of the mind and suggests that there are different types of intelligences that account for different human

Gardner describes linguistic intelligence as the “adept use of language.” I interpreted this as the use of language or metaphors to help understand what is being said to the students to bring out the best qualities of the student. I would reach the student by approaching them with the language and give them guidance and directions

‘‘Gardner’s multiple intelligences theory can be used for curriculum development, planning instruction, selection of course activities, and related assessment strategies. Instruction which is designed to help students develop their strengths can also trigger their confidence to develop areas in which they are not as strong. Students’ multiple learning preferences can be addressed when instruction includes a range of meaningful and appropriate methods, activities, and assessments. Gardner’s early work in psychology and later in human cognition and human potential’ led to the development of the initial six intelligences. Today there are nine intelligences and the possibility of others may eventually expand the list. These intelligences (or competencies) relate to a person’s unique aptitude set of capabilities and ways they might prefer to demonstrate intellectual abilities’’ ( (Armstrong, T., 2010). Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences

Human intelligence is one of the most complex and abstract things in the world, but because of one test created by Lewis Terman, a professor of psychology at Stanford University, we are able to see it as a small, simple number (Epstein, 1973). An Intelligence Quotient (IQ) Test scores human intelligence on a numerical scale. Within this scale there are several categories which people are placed in as shown in Table 1. These scores, categories, labels, are tidy, easy to remember, and can greatly influence one’s life. They can act almost like a name tag, and become an identifying factor wherever you go.

The college admissions test fail to capture the true intelligence possessed by students. According to a theory made by Howard Gardner, there are eight distinct intelligences that humans can have. These are the categories revolving around intelligence: Musical-rhythmic, Visual-spatial, Verbal-linguistic, and Logical-mathematical intelligences. Unfortunately, the ACTs and SATs only gauge the student's ability to answer Verbal-linguistic and Logical-mathematical questions. Thus, the other abilities that students do enthrall are not represented well in these tests.

Flynn’s sub-claim that there are seven different types of intelligence: linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, self-oriented personal, and other-directed personal, supports Warwick’s idea that intelligence is a multi-dimensional entity because it provides an explanation of the multi-dimensions that Warwick is talking about when referring to intelligence and increase the strength of his argument. By addressing the seven types of intelligence, Flynn is able to further support his main claim by showing that there is more to intelligence than having an avid knowledge in math and being able to read. By using this as evidence, Warwick would be able to show how measuring intelligence through a “one-dimensional single value” (202) is inaccurate, thus strengthening his argument by showing a credible source and example and further extending on Flynn’s idea of the role that sociological imagination plays when defining

In the following essay, I will discuss examples of different intelligences as theorized by Gardener. One type of intelligence is that of linguistic intelligence. Linguistic intelligence is prevalent in people who receive high scores on tests that measure how well they speak and write. Martin Luther King Jr., for example, represents linguistic intelligence because he was an extraordinary public speaker and was able to motivate people through his words. Another type of intelligence is that of bodily-kinesthetic intelligence. Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence is prevalent in people who manipulate their body in physical endeavors exceptionally well. Serena Williams, for example, demonstrates bodily/kinesthetic intelligence because she contains a

Albert Einstein once said, “Everybody is a genius. If you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree, it will live its whole life believing that it is stupid.” Intelligences is the ability to learn facts and skills and apply them. Howard Gardner wrote a book called Intelligences Reframed: Multiple Intelligences for the 21st Century. He wrote this book to help expand the knowledge of professors and everyday people that no matter your IQ and or test scores that you cannot simply judge someone off of a numerical score. People are smart just in different areas bringing different learning styles and intelligence to the table. Gardner studies led him to propose seven possible intelligences. Intrapersonal

Musical Intelligence, Intrapersonal Intelligence, Spatial Intelligence, to name just a few. These are examples of Howard Gardner’s understanding of the unconscious mind. Gardner believes that all humans exhibit a range of different intelligences, that can not necessarily be discovered by the use of standardized intelligence quotient testing. His theory of Multiple Intelligences is one that details the possibilities of those few whom we can safely call prodigies. Gardner believes that schools should adapt curriculums to support his theory.

The theory of multiple intelligences was developed by Dr. Howard Gardner in 1983. The Theory of Multiple Intelligences is a critique of the standard psychological view of intellect: there is a single intelligence, adequately measured by IQ or other short answer tests. Instead, on the basis of evidence from disparate sources, the theory claims that human beings have a number of relatively discrete intellectual capacities. IQ tests assess linguistic and logical-mathematical intelligence, and sometimes spatial intelligence; they are a reasonably good predictor of who will do well in school. This is because humans have several other significant intellectual capacities (Harvard University).

Howard Gardner recognizes that intelligence is more than the single logical-mathematical processing of stored facts that intelligence tests assess. He views intelligence as problem-solving, problem-creating, and problem-finding across a range of situations. There are a total of eight Multiple Intelligences: Logical-Mathematical, Linguistic, Musical, Spatial, Bodily-Kinesthetic, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, and lastly, Naturalist Intelligence. These Intelligences allow educators to carefully integrate several content areas within a specific curricula.