Introduction The Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution set out to guarantee the equal rights of citizens. It decrees, “No State shall deprive any person of life, liberty or property...nor deny any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws”. Despite this written assertion of seeming equality for all citizens, various groups faced hardships and discrimination in the century following the Fourteenth Amendment's ratification. This amendment would continuously interpreted and reinterpreted as social movements cited it as cause for their mobilization and activism. Two social advocacy movements were (and are) the Civil Rights movement that gained momentum in the 1960s and the Disability Rights Movement of the 1970s.
Analysis
Both of these movements had early histories dating back centuries, primarily in the Revolutionary Era in the United States. Both bear connections to the Woman’s Rights Movement, some leaders of which supporting and advocating directly on behalf of the rights of African Americans and the disabled. In the mid-20th century, both groups were ostracized in certain respects, kept separate and apart from the communities they rightfully belonged to. African Americans were subjected to segregation in public venues and schools under the premise that the separation was “equal” by law. Disabled Americans were historically institutionalized and not given access to attend schools similarly. The Civil Rights Movement advocated for
Equality rarely applies to Americans of color. To identify with two subgroups and be oppressed by society normalization only hurts the meaning of equalism. Throughout the years, minority groups have witness unfairness from slavery, civil rights movement and new area of the Lesbian, Gay, Transgender, Bisexual (LGBT) movement. Yet, there are still heinous crimes and brutality force upon this community who wished nothing more but to be equals within society. We are living in day time where racial justice has become such an epidemic that the government has yet to take a stand for LGBT of color who are underserved. It’s an issue of equality. It’s an issue of equal treatment under the law,” Jonathan Capehart. African American still continue to face civil rights issue, just much so as LGBT population continue to struggle with justice issues today. What do you do when you are seeking justices for both as an African American individual apart of the LGBTQ community? This has become a rising social issue in today's society for many people.
Segregation movements throughout America’s history have led up to the adverse reaction that is seen in society today. “The Thirteenth Amendment (1865) abolished slavery; the Fourteenth Amendment (1868) extended ‘equal protection of the laws’ to all citizens; and the Fifteenth Amendment (1870) guaranteed that the right to vote could not be denied ‘on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.’,” (Smithsonian National Museum of American History). These amendments established equality for people of color on things such as no more slavery, protection of the laws, and voting rights. They partially eliminated segregation, but discrimination continued. Henry L. Chambers Jr., who teaches and writes in the areas of constitutional law and
With the winning of the Civil War still in the minds of many, conducting interviews of previous slaves intrigued those wanting to know what it was like being a slave. With the interview there is a look inside the life of, a woman still in her childhood, what her life was like, and how she dealt with being a slave. The life of a slave was no easy feat, but with perseverance many made it to the wars end, although life still has many hardships for the Freedman today.
After the world wars and Vietnam War, there were many disabled American veterans who faced challenges and prejudice they had not experienced before. Alongside those fighting in the Civil Rights Movement were disabled veterans and other people with disabilities. They too were fighting against inequalities and discrimination. The Disability Rights Movement occurred due to several issues rooted in structured inequalities. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was an example of inequality built into legislation as it prohibited discrimination based on “race, color, religion, or national origin”(Cornell), but did not address discrimination based on disabilities. Inaccessibility and negative societal views excluded those with disabilities from their rights. There was a need for a policy written specifically for the protection of persons with disabilities.
The two movements were started during different times. The Civil Rights Movement started in 1955 and continued till 1968 (Janken). The LGBTQ movement was officially founded in 1986 and is still going on now (LGBTQ). African Americans in the past and present are being discriminated against and oppressed because of their skin color (Patterson). The LGBTQ community is oppressed and discriminated against for their sexuality and gender (Singh and Durso). In the 1960s, the African Americans were legally segregated from the majority because it was easy to tell the difference between the oppressive group and the oppressed group (Jim). Looking at someone will not reveal what their sexuality is, so this makes it difficult for the oppressors to separate them from the majority group. These differences create the idea that each movement is happening for unique reasons, but this is only when you look at the top layer of the movements.
When talking about the civil rights movements between these two states there are similarities but there are many differences between them. Both have different amounts of time it took to desegregate but also severity of the cases. When talking about both as a whole, they use non violence to try to break the bonds of racism and fight for equality. To go back on how times were a little different back then it is fair to say that one had more of an impact than the other. Albany Georgia was a failure because the activist jumped in to quickly into the “fray” instead of starting smaller.
In the 1960s, Americans who knew the "equal protection of the laws" expected the Congress, and the courts to achieve the promise of the 14th Amendment. The amendment states the rights and equal protection of the laws created. “All three branches of the government and the public debated a constitutional question: Does the Constitution 's restriction of denying equal protection always ban the use of racial, ethnic, or gender criteria in an attempt to bring social
The nuanced historical debate over the concept of black power divides Civil Rights movement historians into two distinct categories. One grouping of historians interpret the issue of black power as a vague top-down strategy utilized to incite controversy. The other group of historians promote a bottom-up approach to black power, arguing that the statement reflected the already present ideals of the black community and best encompasses the path to their liberation. The former group likewise criticizes the slogan as detrimental to the overarching goals of the Civil Rights movement due to its role in angering whites and its supposed inherent support of violence. Conversely, the historians in the latter grouping view black power as an
The civil rights movement in America was necessary since African Americans in southern states did not have anything close to freedom. They were treated very badly, they were still being treated like slaves to some degree, and were kept away from white people in the form of separate schools, churches, bathrooms, and even water fountains. Amendments had been passed to try to grant freedom to all of the people in the United States, but with losing the civil war, and enduring reconstruction, there seemed to always be ways around doing what was right. The mentality of people back then was different, most white people had been raised being told, and believing, that they had moral superiority over other races, and it was hard to change. Even the Supreme
During the Civil Rights Movement and the Anti War Movement allot of artists created their own expressions of why the war should be opposed. Much of the art, photographs and drawings were that of supporting the events that were happening during war time. Some art contained items needed and used by Americans such as guns, bombs, soldiers gear and their surrounding horrible environment. African Americans, like Martin Luther King Jr. and the Black Panther Party totally disapproved of the war and showed strong opposite feelings of the U.S. in Vietnam. Both white groups and black groups hated the war but each group protested during separate times and events. As with artists, their showings were in separate places. All art used during this time was
The civil rights movement impacted the way we communicate with one another and also interact every day. Now we can all move about cities without segregation from one another and have friends with many different people that are different from one another: unlike back in the 50’s- the 70’s.
The US civil rights movement was the largest social movement in the 1950’s and 1960’s. The aim of the civil rights movement was to fights against racial discrimination, segregation, to give the african americans voting rights and to give the black americans the same equality as the white americans. The civil rights movement is one of the horrifying events in American history, providing examples of Americans fighting for the values of justice and inequality. Laws were set up to enforce segregation of blacks and whites in the South after the Civil War to end slavery and discrimination against blacks. In the South blacks were forced to use separate entrances to buildings, separate elevators and stairways, separate drinking fountains, restrooms, and separate sections of public transportation. Separate facilities for African Americans were not equal to those available to whites. Many blacks were scared to speak up because they didn't want to get beaten up but the white Americans. In 1909, members of the Niagra movement joined a group of white reformers and formed the National Association for the Advancement of Coloured
When people talk about the civil rights movement, the first thing that comes to mind is the famous speech "I have a dream" by Martin Luther King. His dream in short was to have equality among human beings. For the past thirty years, this country has been revolutionizing humanitarianism because there is greater concern for human welfare than one hundred years ago. The revolution began during the 1960 's, and during that era this country was drastically involved in changing the civil rights of minority groups. From this concern, a program called affirmative action evolved. Like other civil right movements, the affirmative action movement was implemented to promote equality.
I noted that the U.S. civil liberties, as well as, U.S. civil rights are generally located in the first ten amendments to the Constitution, known as the Bill of Rights, as well as, the Fourteenth Amendment. The distinction between civil liberties and civil rights is blurred since the concepts are used interchangeably, even though they refer to different kinds of guaranteed protections. Civil liberties are protections against government actions. Whereas civil rights refer to positive actions governments should take to create equal conditions. The primary objective of this essay is to distinguish between civil rights and civil liberties. In this essay, I present a case related to the civil right to free expression or creation of equal conditions in forum 4.1. Whereas in forum 4.2 I present a provision of the US Patriot Act related to civil liberties or protections against federal government action.
The Civil Rights movement ultimately divided into two strategies to achieve equality; the non-violent movement and the Black Power movement.