The Conduct Of Randomized Clinical Trials On E Cigarettes

In the United States, smoking cigarettes is the number one preventable cause of morbidity and death (Bergen, 1999), and accounts for $300 Billion in health care costs and economic productivity loss (Jamal, 2015). While the national smoking rate is 16.8% (CDC, 2016), specific demographics are more susceptible to developing smoking habits: people who live below the poverty line (10.9% higher), disabled or with a limitation (6.2% higher), and males (4.7% higher) (Agaku, 2014).

One of my first memories in the United States was taking a Drug Abuse Resistance Education (D.A.R.E) class. I was in sixth grade and a top student, as talking about drugs and alcohol and the way they affect us was fascinating to me. This is why, the following year, I volunteered to become a peer educator in Teens Against Tobacco Use (T.A.T.U). For a couple of years, I gave presentations to young students which included facts, demonstrations, and games, to spread the knowledge that tobacco is harmful and that staying away from smoking prolongs life expectancy and increases the quality of life. It should come as no surprise, then, that I consider myself a big proponent of staying tobacco-free and encouraging others to quit smoking as a great way to promote health. I remember watching my mom and sister as they took part in their nightly ritual of smoking a few cigarettes to unwind. “Did you know that a main component of cigarettes is used as rocket fuel?” I would ask them, as I opened the window and they stared back at me blankly. “We know, we know” was the answer every time. I knew that convincing them to quit was no easy task, but I was committed. Day after day, I proudly stated a new fact about the evils of smoking. Finally one day, they quit. At first, they attributed it to the cost. Since we had just immigrated to the United States, the cost of cigarettes was simply not something they could afford. I didn’t believe it. I proudly

The e-cigarette format, however, does not eliminate concerns regarding public and individual health risks. The World Health Organization has called for e-cigarette usage to be monitored in the same way as more conventional tobacco products,(23) the US FDA is advocating for more research,(24) and there has been a dramatic increase in analyses of the chemical, physiological, psychological and socio-cultural aspects of e-cigarettes.(2-7,9-12,14-21,24-52)

Quitting rates of participants who are unwilling to stop smoking at all using electronic cigarettes shows how much of an effective cessation method they are. For nicotine replacement therapy to work, smokers would have to volunteer to quit and seek help, while with electronic cigarettes cessation just happens.

Of the roughly 42 million adults in the US that use tobacco, nearly 69% of smokers want to quit and more than 42% of those wishing to quit will make the attempt through various methods(1). These methods range from the "cold turkey" method, nicotine replacement therapy, behavioural therapy and even medicine. Each method has it's unique strengths and weaknesses as well as varying success rates. There are many reasons to quit and many ways in which to do so, either with methods that involve slowly weaning off of nicotine, like gums and patches from replacement therapy, to nicotine-free methods which require support from various sources.

In the study, 787 smokers in Massachusetts were tracked after they quit smoking for five years. During that time, they answered three surveys about their smoking use. With each survey, an

“ The true face of smoking is disease, death and horror – not the glamour and sophistication the pushers in the tobacco industry try to portray ”. – David Byrne. Smoking has been an habit in teenagers and adults for a very long time and it is well known that it is harmful for them as well for the environment. Technology has advanced, and now there are electronic cigarettes, called E-cigarette, which are devices with battery that carry nicotine heated aersosol in a fashion that imitates common cigarettes, while carrying lower levels of toxins than a conventional lit cigarette. They can be used indoors, which allows smokers to get their fix wherever and whenever they want. A study from NBC News (Leshae) shows that electronic cigarettes are a technique for smokers to try quitting their addictions. Manufacturers consider that e-cigarattes are healthier than normal tobacco cigarattes, since smokers are inhaling vaporized nicotine rather of carcinogen-filled smoke. However, according to a Thomas Jefferson University Alumni article, some reseachers have found harmful ingredients in certain e-cigarettes, such as ethylene glycol poisoning, a primary ingredient in brake fluid and antifreeze. E-cigarettes mey seem like a healthier alternative to traditional cigarettes, nevertheless there is some research that proves the contrary and we still don’t know its long term effect.

This study really opened my eyes to a new prospective on vaping and the use of e-cigarettes. The use of vapes should be taken cautiously and not displayed for our youth to see so vaguely. Though, it has shown me that vaping and e-cigs have a positive effect on helping traditional cigarette smokers stop smoking. These studies will take us much further into the pros and cons of regulating vapes and

In the past decade e-cigarettes industry has been growing quite rapidly. E-cigarettes were first created as a better alternative to the conventional tobacco cigarettes, pipes, and cigars. However, in todays society they have become a very popular commodity. Likewise, they are mostly used for mere pleasure and not what its original purpose was. Originally the sole purpose of e-cigarettes was to help wean their users off of the unhealthy drugs we all know as the conventional tobacco cigarettes (Dockrell, 1). But are they really the healthier alternative? Absolutely not. E-cigarettes are extremely unhealthy, used as a gate-way substitute, and also affect others who aren’t even directly using it!

There have not been any new medications for help with smoking cessation within the last ten to twelve years and e-cig activists ask, why not e-cigarettes? These advocates believe e-cigarettes can be incorporated into a smoking plan that works and will save thousands of lives (The Consumer Advocates for Smoke-free Alternatives Association). E-cigarette companies maintain that their goal is to help

The conclusion is that due to the amount of time the “e-cig” or the vape pens have been on the market more research is required to look at its short and long-term safety effects on a smoker's health. The use of second generation vaporizers considerably reduce cigarette consumption without causing significant side

Electronic cigarettes are considered to be “a gateway drug,” which means one is more likely to use tobacco or a different drug after being exposed to nicotine from a traditional cigarette or additional harmful substances (Griffin). “A 2011 study by Eric R. Kandel and colleagues at Columbia University found that nicotine exposure increased mice’s sensitivity to cocaine’s rewarding effects via an epigenetic pathway; if the same holds true in humans, nicotine could serve as a gateway to the abuse of other substances (Volkow).” In other words, once one has allowed their body to be exposed to nicotine, in any form, they would be more likely to be involved with drugs or other harmful substances because of the addiction habits that can form just from their start in nicotine (Volkow). Even the flavor ingredients used in the vapor are not safe to inhale, though many manufactures would like to say different. The FEMA GRAS, or Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association Generally Recognized as Safe, status of the “vape juice” is a deceptive statement in that, it applies to food, but not inhaled substances ("E-cigarettes and Lung Health"). The side effects involved with those who ‘vape’ regularly are still not widely known but we do know that that the withdraw symptoms include depression, anxiety, lack of focus, and over all reckless behavior

there's no denying vaping is taking off and there are 2.1million using vape in uk and this number is steadily rising as a numerous smoker and desperate to quit the Death stick and turn to vape as substitute . In there study, they ask five participants age 21 to 41 to attempt give up smoking and turn to e cigarettes as alternative method,thet give the vapourlites Starter kit and each participants package to catered their smoking; how many cigarettes they use a day and what brand .they wanted to notice the change physical such as in eating ,sleeping, craving and changes the participants social life.

People need to stop and e-cigs are an effective way to quit. However, come critics believe that e-cigarettes are too new to trust, and that there hasn’t been enough research done on them. Which is true, e-cigs are a new technology and there could be something we don’t know about them. However, many people were sceptic of these new devices, so they decided to research them.

Thanks for elaborating on this topic. The craving for nicotine has caused an effect on the lives of those who smoke and yet very difficult to let go. From my part of the world, smoking is a taboo for women but I see both men and women smoking in the United State, it was a shock to me. The point is that smoking is bad and has detrimental effects on the body. When the E- cigarette was discovered it became the new thing but now is a concern that it might live a life long addiction for nicotine (Knickman & Kovner 2015) Does this mean the E cigarette has nicotine in them? why is there that fear?. The problem we have is how we help those who smoke change their lifestyle. As explained by Schwartz et al (2010) lifestyle change has proven to produce