Kayton Taylor
BIO Week 3 Assignment 2
Respiration and Photosynthesis Cycle
For numerous living organisms to maintain their energy naturally cellular respiration and photosynthesis must occur. Photosynthesis is dominant process in plants to permit the creation of food, while animals grasp energy through the process of cellular respiration. Consequences of photosynthesis during the Calvin Cycle produces light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions.
Understanding Photosynthesis
First let us comprehend the cycle of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is defined as the procedure whereby light energy is transformed to chemical energy to create sugars. By breaking down the meaning one can simply say photo-means light and synthesis means to use that light to create sugar. Water is added to light in order to provide electrons and carbon dioxide is include to provide fixed carbon. Sugar is not the only output. There is a byproduct created called molecular oxygen. This is an important result because we humans and other living organisms wouldn’t be able to breathe without its existence. Photosynthesis is placed into two categories:
a. Light dependent reactions: this include light energy mixed water (H₂ 0) to produce ATP and reduction of NAD+ into NADPH, which has energy as a strong reducing agent. Chlorophylls take in light which change into chemical energy to make ATP and NADPH. b. Then within the Calvin Cycle (sometimes called light independent-reaction) ATP and NADPH
Light intensity is a key component in photosynthesis, amongst carbon dioxide and water to sustain a suitable rate of photosynthesis. Chlorophyll absorbs the light, causing photoexcitation and the formation of NADPH and ATP with production of O2 as a by-product. The Calvin Cycle takes the NADPH and ATP to reduce CO2 into sugars (CH2O), and return NADP+ and ADP + Pi to the light reactions. The process will then repeat. (Reece, et al, 2015)
Photosynthesis and cell respiration are some of the two most important biological processes that organisms go through. Photosynthesis is the biological process plants undergo to convert light energy into chemical energy. In chloroplasts the chlorophyll act as catalysts for this process. The process uses carbon dioxide (CO2) and Water (H2O) in order to produce glucose (C6H1206) and oxygen (02). Thus, it is read as 6CO2 + 6H2O —> C6H12O6 + 6O2. Photosynthesis is split into two different processes. The first process is light Dependent meaning i uses energy being absorbed to break down and molecules at a rapid photosynthetic rate. The second process is Light Independent meaning it uses ATP and NADH absorbed during when light was present to breakdown glucose instead. Therefore, Healthy plants are green because Chlorophyll absorbs red and blue light, but reflects green light signifying stored light.Some Anaerobic bacteria undergo photosynthesis meaning it can’t grow in oxygen and uses Carbon Dioxide and other substances like hydrogen sulfide to photosynthesis. In general all plants need Carbon Dioxide. (Ensminger, 2014)
Photosynthesis occurs each time the sun’s light reaches the lives of a plant. The chemical ingrediants for photosynthesis are carbon dioxide (CO2), a gas that passes from the air into a plant via tiny pores, and water (H20), which absorbed from the soil by the plant’s roots. Inside leaf cells, tiny structures called chloroplasts use light energy to rearrange the atoms of the ingrediants to produce sugars, most importantly glucose (C6H12O6) and other organic molecules. Chlorophyll gives the plant its green color (Simon, 02/2012, pp. 92-93). Chemical reactions transfers the sun’s light energy into the chemical bonds that hold energy-carrying molecules. The most common are
Photosynthesis is the conversion of light energy to chemical energy into sugars. It is the process in plants that uses carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight from its surroundings and releases oxygen as a byproduct (6H2O+6CO2+light energy -> C6H12O6+6O2). Photosynthesis is required for plants because they are autotrophs, organisms that make their own food. Plants require a specific environment that is ideal to them to be able to carry out the process. Environmental conditions can either increase or decrease the rate of photosynthesis. Things like colors of light, pH, and temperature can all affect the rate of photosynthesis in plants.
Photosynthesis is the process in which plants consumed inorganic materials like solar light, carbon dioxide and water and converted it to an organic molecule like sugar and an inorganic gas like oxygen. Light is one of the major elements influencing the rate of photosynthesis; direct light concentration affects the noncyclic pathway (light
Without photosynthesis there would not be energy or carbohydrates available for the growth and reproduction of (almost) all organisms. In addition photosynthesis produces oxygen, which is essential for the release of energy in cells by the process of respiration.
In light reactions, light is absorbed by chlorophyll in the thylakoid membrane and energizes the electrons. ATP is created from ADP and P. NADP accepts electrons and turns in to NADPH, which is energy. Once the light reactions have taken place, the light-independent, or ‘dark’ reaction occurs in the stroma, where CO2 is converted to sugar. The
The purpose to cellular respiration and photosynthesis are to provide energy to both animal and plant cells. In photosynthesis, chloroplasts use carbon dioxide and light and produce glucose and oxygen, while in cellular respiration, the animal cell uses glucose and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy; which is the opposite of what chloroplasts do. The location of cellular respiration differ, the materials and products of each are opposites of one another, the different phases of that photosynthesis and cellular respiration have, and many other varieties of differences exist between plant and animal cells in cellular respiration and photosynthesis.
Absorption spectra of chlorophyll RQ- How does different wavelengths of light affect the rate of photosynthesis? Background information - Photosynthesis is an enzyme controlled process where autotrophs convert light energy to chemical energy. This chemical energy is stored in the form of organic compounds i.e. carbohydrates. Carbon dioxide + water + light energy → carbohydrate + oxygen Photosynthesis is performed differently in different organisms, however the initial stage is always the same that is, and energy from light is absorbed from proteins called reaction centres, which contain green chlorophyll pigments, which are present inside chloroplasts. It is this organelle which allows this process to occur in certain organisms.
Light reactions occur within the thylakoid membrane, and the Calvin cycle takes place in the stroma. In light reactions, light energy from the sun is the source of energy for photosynthesis, while water is the source of electrons for the electron transport chain. Photosystem II is the first part of the reaction, while photosystem I is the second part, and these photosystems along the thylakoid membrane contain chlorophyll used to absorb light. The electrons flow through the light reaction and end up on NADPH. Every time an electron flows through a photosystem, protons are pumped back into the thylakoid space.
Photosynthesis is essential to all living organism such as animals and plants. Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other autotrophs to capture light energy and use it to power chemical reaction that converts carbon dioxide and water into oxygen, carbohydrates and water. (Textbook: Principles of Biology). The reactants and the products of photosynthesis are:
Photosynthesis equation and the cellular respiration equation are both really important for every living organism. They both help living organisms stay alive. Photosynthesis takes place inside the plants chloroplast. Inside the chloroplast the energy is being stored waiting to be released to help fuel the plant, which then releases oxygen outside the plant. The first step of the process is capturing the sun’s energy.
Photosynthesis is the production of carbon compounds in cells using light energy. Photosynthesis is a metabolic pathway. Carbon dioxide and water are utilized to produce carbohydrates or glucose, and oxygen is released as a waste gas. The light is what causes photosynthesis to happen. As the source of energy, light is a factor that influences the photosynthesis, and the intensity of light may be able to affect the rate of the
Photosynthesis has a two-stage performance before plants produce the two products they are known to produce. These stages are Photosystem I and II. Photosystem II is dependant on light reactions for energy which causes the electrons to be react and be transferred to Photosystem II. The electrons are transported through the Photosystem II electron transport system, however some energy is used to drive ATP synthesis. Meanwhile, light is being absorbed by the Photosystem I, which causes the electrons to react. This process sends the electrons to the Photosystem I transport system where some energy is released as electrons travel through the electron transport system and is captured as NADPH. When this process is completed oxygen is released from the plant and glucose has been
To metabolic pathways involved in photosynthesis are light reaction and dark reaction. The first stage of the photosynthetic system is the light-dependent reaction, which converts solar energy into chemical energy. Light absorbed by chlorophyll or other photosynthetic pigments is used to drive a transfer of electrons and hydrogen from water to and acceptor called NADP , reducing it to the form of NADPH by adding a pair of electrons and a single proton. The water or some other donor molecule is split in the process. The light reaction also generates ADP, a process called photophosphorylation. ATP is a versatile source of chemical energy used in most biological processes. The light reaction produces no carbohydrates such as sugars.