The Dimensional Model Of Personality Disorders

According to Merriam Webster dictionary an antisocial personality disorder or APD is a personality disorder that is characterized by antisocial behavior exhibiting pervasive disregard for and violation of the rights, feelings, and safety of others starting in childhood or the

People who suffer from personality disorders often display deviant behavior. The mental illness itself is not deviant. They typically have problems with social skills, mood swings, emotional states, and are often unable to maintain healthy, stable relationships. Many sufferers do not possess the capability to have genuine emotions, including empathy for others. A personality disorder is the basis of many circumstances of maladaptive behavior including substance abuse, self-harm, suicide, and criminality.

Every person is commonly known for their unique personality, and the traits each of us have that are different than others. One thing many people suffer from is some Personality Disorder such as Antisocial Personality Disorder. Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD) is a disorder that is going against and violating other people's rights (Corner, 2014). Individuals with this disorder are more found to link with a criminal history or showing signs of criminal activity (Corner, 2014). Researchers are more apt to look at a person's behavior rather than personality traits and psychopathological aspects of what caused this

A personality disorder is a type of noetic disorder in which you have a rigid and harmful pattern of cerebrating, functioning and deporting. A person with a personality disorder has trouble seeing and relating to situations and to people. This causes major fixes and shyness in relationships, convivial encounters, work and school.

Conduct disorder is the primary identifying risk factor in childhood that may be recognized as an early sign preceding the eventual development of antisocial personality disorder in adulthood (Holmes, Slaughter, & Kashani, 2001). Antisocial personality disorder possesses an array of proposed origins which include but are not limited to domestic, genetic, prenatal, and educational factors (Holmes, Slaughter, & Kashani, 2001; Farrington, 2005). Early detection and intercession are preventative measure that can be taken to dissolve the progression of conduct disorder in at risk individuals and dissolve the development of antisocial personality disorder in affected individuals (Holmes, Slaughter, & Kashani, 2001). The prognosis for individuals with antisocial personality disorder, or ASPD/APD, who receive treatment, ideally, is decreased repetitive criminal behavior and reduction of antisocial behavior (Hatchett, 2015).

Conduct Disorder has been a part of the American Psychological Association’s Diagnostic Statistical Manuel (DSM) since its original release date in 1994. Although, there is new information about the disorder that was previously unknown, Conduct Disorder is distinguished by a “repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate norms or rules are violated” (American Psychiatric Association, 1994.) This mild, moderate, or severe antisocial behavior begins to appear either in childhood, categorized as early-onset conduct disorder , or in adolescence after ten years of age, classified as adolescent-onset conduct disorder

Antisocial personality disorder is considered a mental health disorder where one may act and behave differently from people around him or her. People that tend to behave differently from others shows a sign that they might be suffering from mental distress or impairment. Mental distress can lead the person in the wrong path that could affect the way they behave and act. .People that have “antisocial personality disorder tend to lie, break laws, act impulsively, and lack regard for their own safety or the safety of others”(mayo clinic). This disorder can be effective to a person if experienced from the age of 18 because it could affect the person's brain development at age 25 which is the age where the brain is considered to be developed.

Antisocial personality disorder causes a person to have no regard for the rights of others. Persons with this disorder will violate those with whom they socialize. The law is not regarded by them. They have tendencies to bully and assault anyone they might become irritated or aggravated by. Their irritability, aggressiveness and impulsiveness causes them to pick fights. After all of their bullying, lying, assaulting, breaking the law, etc. they have no remorse for their actions. They will not own up to their wrong. This disorder hinders persons from having healthy relationships with family and friends. They are not successful in careers because they do not have the ability to socialize with others (DSM-IV-TR, 2000).

The three main clusters of personality disorders are Odd and Eccentric Behavior, Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic Behavior, and Anxious and Fearful Behavior. Paranoid personality disorder would be included in the Odd and Eccentric Behavior personality cluster; those diagnosed with this disorder is constantly suspicious of others and their intentions. Those diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder have difficulty controlling their impulses and have little to no regret for their actions/words towards others. This is why antisocial personality disorder is classified in the Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic Behavior personality cluster. People with Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCD), have a set of rules and routines they follow,

These different personalities can be attributed to help with life situations. People can have up to as many different personalities as possible and they are usually unaware of their personalities that they are creating. Any life event or situation can trigger personalities to change in an instant. Having these different personalities can confuse a person and make them go insane. These constantly changing identities create loss of remembrance of certain events and a sense of unreality towards the world. The person with the disorder would be invariably trying to determine who they are and what they are doing. A person with this disorder who is vegetarian can create a different personality who eats meat and that can disrupt their life. This disorder messes with the balance and beliefs of a person. It is said to be an anxiety reducer for past issues but the different personalities may cause anxiety and create new issues for that person. People are living a fantasy life and unable to determine what their purpose in life

In class we discussed different types of personality disorders under three different categories or clusters such as odd, dramatic, and anxious. A personality disorder is defined as an inflexible pattern of inner experience and outward behavior (Fort Hays State University, 2016) Within these clusters, contain a variety of different personality disorders such as Paranoid, schizoid, antisocial, borderline, avoidant, dependent, and even obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. The cluster I decided to choose to write about was the “Dramatic” category. This cluster specifically includes the antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic personality disorders. People categorized in the “Dramatic” cluster are ones who have behaviors that are so dramatic, emotional, or erratic that it is almost impossible for them to have relationships that are truly giving and satisfying (Fort Hays State University, 2016). I chose this cluster due to the fact that I find the disorders within it, very interesting and easy to understand. Between these three disorders there are many things that are both similar and different about them.

Personality disorders are included as mental disorders on Axis II of the diagnostic manual of the American Psychiatric Association and in the mental and behavioral disorders section of the ICD manual of the World Health Organization Personality disorders are conditions in which an individual differs significantly from an average person, in terms of how they think, perceive, feel or relate to others. Changes in how a person feels and distorted beliefs about other people can lead to odd behavior, which can be distressing and may upset others There are three recognized personality disorder clusters, cluster A odd and eccentric, Paranoid Personality Disorder Schizoid Personality Disorder Schizotypal Personality Disorder dramatic and emotional, Borderline Personality Disorder Histrionic Personality Disorder Narcissistic Personality Disorder and anxious and fearful Avoidant Personality Disorder Dependent Personality Disorder Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder Personality Disorders: Management

Those who are diagnosed with this type of disorder are most of the time impulsive, aggressive, having a hostile behavior, and having little of consideration of others (Houser, 2012). These actions are considered as negative consequences in the interpersonal relationship of the person who has it.

Personality disorders are very defined and recognized in today’s society. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) published by the American Psychiatric Association provides common language and standards to classify mental disorders. The DSM is used by many people in varying disciplines in many other countries. In times past, people with disorders may have been misunderstood, outcast from community, or even persecuted. However, in our current culture the pendulum has swung in the other direction. People are tricky creatures to study due to the complexity and magical way our brain works. Very little is known, even less is understood about how and why we work the way we do.

Personality disorder refers to a group of mental illnesses. People who suffer from personality disorders often have trouble dealing with everyday problems and situations. Although the cause for such illness is unknown, genes and childhood experiences may play a role (1). For our research paper we have chosen only two of the various disorders. Borderline and Narcissistic personality disorders.