that this action would be sanctioned by God, and that the people had no recourse in the event of injustice. During the Enlightenment, the Social Contract theory of government became popular, in part due to abuse of power by European monarchs. This doctrine was popularized by the political and philosophical writings of Locke, Hobbes, Kant, and Rousseau, among others. It held that humanity had originally existed in a "state of nature," without any sort of government or law, and that people entered a
Leibniz’s solution, however, is not without its problems. It seems that Leibniz is going to have a difficult time in reconciling his notion of substances as causally active beings with the theological doctrine that claims that conservation is but continuous creation (hereafter, the CCC thesis)—a doctrine that he nevertheless intends to maintain. But, in the midst of this seeming contradiction, Sukjae Lee’s work in Leibniz’s Concurrentism (which I will be focusing on extensively in this
Abstract: It is more reasonable to think that the patient has the usual range of mental states. Behaviours visually express mental states better than knowing if one has a Cartesian soul or the requirement of a normal human brain. Body: It is reasonable to think that the patient has the usual range of mental states because she is behaviourally indistinguishable from a normal human. Behaviours make mental states more evidentially obvious than knowing the brain state of a patient or if they have a Cartesian
Liberalism and the National Curriculum I shall maintain in this essay that the civic education proposed in the new National Curriculum subject called Citizenship is not in harmony with the educational aims and principles stated in The Education Reform Act, 1988, in which the National Curriculum itself was established. I shall argue further that the present institutional arrangements for the whole of education are contrary to the spirit of the civic education outlined in Citizenship. To pursue
(Myanmar) Buddhism, as a religion, started in the fifth century BC at Lumbhini in what is now Nepal. From its main centre of origin, it spread across vast areas of Asia, radiating outwards in all directions apart from the West, bringing its universal doctrine of salvation and enlightenment for men and all living creatures, its philosophy and ethics, its learning and art. At the core of the teachings was the concept that life is full of suffering and dissatisfaction (dukkha) and exists in an unending cycle
Biblical writers through a thorough knowledge of the original languages, ancient history and the comparison of Scripture with Scripture. Through Hermeneutics, Biblical Interpretation can be achieved in three ways; historically, the message and the doctrine. The Bible is totally authoritive and inspired by God, however is it propositional or not? To be propositional means that God reveals certain truths at which we respond in accepting these truths. These certain truths may be found in scripture, creeds
the Massachusetts Bay Colony was founded as a haven for religious freedom for all early colonist, principally for the Puritans. Unlike any other migrating group in America, the Puritans were composed of families who sought the religious freedom and harmony they were unable to experience in England. ¹ These Massachusetts Bay settlers sought to achieve this haven by devising a system of government that would fulfill political and moral authority. By the 1640s their enterprise at Massachusetts Bay had
Communities are established upon the foundations of shared language, geography and history, not solely religion. An example of failed attempt to build a nation on the basis of religion is “Israel”. Since Jews settled there from all over the globe, with difference ethnicities, backgrounds and languages etc., the country is engaged in constant internal conflict and disagreements, which has made it clear that nations cannot be built upon the basis of religion. On the
In reading the Republic, there is no reason to search for arguments which show that Platonic justice ('inner justice' or 'psychic harmony') entails ordinary justice. The relationship between inner justice and ordinary justice is of no importance in Plato's Republic. We note that Plato tries to argue from the very first book that the true source of normativity lies in knowledge attained by philosophical reason. What is crucial, then, is the relationship between inner justice and acts which brings
One of the fundamental contradictions and issues in Liberalism is the question of the power and neutrality of the state. Liberal neutrality can be understood as the idea that a neoliberal state should not promote any specific concept of perfectionism, social utopia or the ‘’good’’. This is concept is often used in critiques of multiculturalism and collective rights movements. We will be discussing the theories of some liberal authors such as John Rawls, Locke, Mill, Nozick, and Waldron among others