The Earth 's Oceans And The Mysteries

The reading that I chose for this assignment is from Chapter Six in the required book for class “The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History”. The chapter title is “The Sea Around Us” where the primary concentration of the chapter was the consequences that humans have on the planet with the focus on ocean acidification. This happens from the carbon dioxide we pump into the air and it slowly seeps back down into the oceans and slowly increases the PH level thus causing the ocean to be more acidic. In about one hundred years do you believe that, oysters, mussels, and coral reefs survive?

6. ^ Impact from the Deep; October 2006; Scientific American Magazine; by Peter D. Ward; 8 Page(s)

The Earth’s outer crust is made up many tectonic plates that move over the surface of the planet. When the plates come collide, volcanoes will form sometime (National Ocean Service). Volcanoes can also form in the middle of a plate, where magma rises upward until it erupts on the sea floor, at what is called a “hot spot” (National Ocean Service). A hot spot is a plume of magma or molten rock that rises from within the Earth then reaches the surface forming underwater volcanoes which may grow tall enough to

The Ocean is 70 percent of the earth surface, humans have explored less than five percent of the ocean, and is home to innumerable amount of living organisms. One of its oldest inhabitants is the Cheloniidae dates back to the Triassic era, roughly 250 million years ago, (Wang et al.,

The earth’s oceans are overfished. Nearly 80 percent of commercial fisheries are overexploited and some experts believe that global fisheries will completely collapse by 2048 (Barkin page 1). While these are just facts that tell the worst-case scenario, they should be alarms that spark change in the way we fish. This paper, however, will specifically target overfishing in the Grand Banks in Newfoundland, Canada, and analyze its impact on Earth, its Environment and Humanity. Over fishing is simply when fishermen catch more fish than are being reproduced. Eventually the stock of fish in the environment will be completely depleted. That is exactly what happened off the shores of Newfoundland in 1992. With Cod fishing at an all time high, the Canadian government discovered that the Cod population was almost exhausted. New technology and poor decision-making led to the complete destruction of the cod population in the Grand Banks and this is a mistake that we should never repeat.

Midway through the recent Netflix documentary Mission Blue (Robert Nixon and Fisher Stevens, 2014), which follows the renowned marine biologist and conservationist Sylvia Earle’s campaign to establish protected marine sanctuaries around the globe, the narrator pauses to note an irony: the same industries that have for over half a century exploited the ocean for oil and gas, wreaking environmental havoc, are also responsible for the greatest technological advances in ocean exploration. These advances, moreover, helped deepen scientific understanding of the ocean and of its ecological import. Ocean

Pitch black, dead quiet and seemingly desolate, the deep sea resembles that of a far off alien world. Until recent advancements in technology, little to none has been known about the deep sea. Far beyond the natural reach of humans, only highly expensive submersibles have visited the ocean’s deepest and darkest locations. In the Pacific Northwest, an eerie 7-mile venture underwater will take you to the deepest spot on the planet, Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench.

clues about what the ocean was like while they were alive, allowing the researchers to

95% of the ocean has not been explored. With all the species and environments within the ocean that we have discovered, it is mind blowing to think that we have only seen 5% of what the ocean has to offer. The World is Blue: How Our Fate and the Ocean’s are One explores our long standing relationship with the ocean. This book is penned by oceanographer, explorer, and lecturer, Sylvia Earle. She earned her B.S degree from Florida State University, M.S and PhD from Duke University, and has accumulated 22 honorary degrees. She has worked as a director for multiple corporate and nonprofit organizations and as chief scientist for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [1]. Earle’s research concerns marine ecosystems with an emphasis on conservation, which is the focal point of her novel. It is woven with stories compiled from decades of work and exploration, and with facts and arguments concerning our changing ocean. Sylvia’s novel is about the relationship between humans and the ocean, whether it be through the extinction of species, climate change, or even exploration and aquaculture, we ultimately affect the ocean and it affects us.

For example, in 1865 zoologist Thomas Huxley claimed Bathybius haecklii was a type of primordial ooze that lived on the deep

Although both abiotic synthesis and the deep-sea vent hypotheses argue the environment of a primordial-Earth was required for the origin of life, the two hypotheses have their differences. In general, the abiotic synthesis hypothesis describes the process of how organic compounds can be created from inorganic compounds, while the deep-sea vent hypothesis argues a possible scenario where life may have originated from inorganic compounds. While the term “primordial soup” has been used to describe abiotic synthesis, the same term has been used to describe the extreme environment surrounding hydrothermal vents. In Stanley Miller’s experiment, Bada and Lazcano (2008, p.745) argue, Miller showed abiotic synthesis took place by introducing an electric current to a circulating mixture of pressurized “CH4, NH3, H20, and H2.” However, samples of both types of hydrothermal vents show different mixtures than that of Miller’s experiment. Although the LCHF lacks CO2, according to William Martin, John Baross, Deborah Kelley, and Michael J. Russell (2008, p.806) the compound was not used in Miller’s experiment, but the vent did release ample amounts of H2 and CH4, which were used in Miller’s experiment. Black smokers, on the other hand, give off H2, but also release CO2 and H2S (Martin et al., 2008, p.806). The two hypotheses agree that life on Earth originated around roughly 3.8 billion years ago. Another similarity between the two hypotheses is both argue the precursors of life are

The deep sea is the largest habitat on earth and is largely exploited. Pressure rises, temperature drop around freezing, and sunlight can’t even reach to it. Yet, there is life below the deep ocean, the mysterious world takes up 95% of earth’s living space. To survive in the extremely harsh conditions, the most challenging environment, those creatures have had to evolve to the unique adaption. You can’t dive to the deep ocean on your own, but scientist. By using a remote controlled underwater vehicle which allowed them to explore 7,200 feet below the ocean surface, what they are finding will amaze you.

The large, beautiful bodies of water are home to an infinite number of strange creatures and bewildering phenomena. Oceans make up about three-fifths of the earth and yet we have little idea about what lies in those darkened depths. There are many mysteries of the oceans that still have no explanation. To start with, scattered around oceans there trenches, incidentally all of them are approximately seven miles deep.

Two oceanographers and I were mapping out the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean in our vessel, The Mississippi Coast. We had been at the voyage for over two years and were slowly making progress as the grant money allowed us to proceed. The process requires we take a submarine to the bottom of the ocean and trace it on a map. Little did we know we were on the verge of the greatest discovery since the Titanic was raised from its grave.

Since the beginning of the human race, people have flocked to the ocean. The largest civilizations were built in fertile, coastal areas. Oceanographer and professor at Stanford University, Mark Denny, opened up his book, How the Ocean Works: An Introduction to Oceanography, with the statement, “Throughout history, men and women have been drawn to the sea” (Denny 1). Here in Hawaii, this is especially notable. Hawaii was discovered by islanders who were adventuring across the sea, using it to feed them and working with the currents on their journey. Now, hundreds of years later, visiting the white sandy beaches and crystal blue waters of Hawaii is on nearly the whole world’s bucket list, but it might not be around for much longer. This would be devastating to the planet, as environmental expert Jennifer Weeks says oceans supply most of the Earth’s food and oxygen (Weeks). Not only does the sea provide the most basic necessities for survival, but it has also provided “...Anticancer and antiviral drugs based on substances produced by coral reef species...” (Weeks). Despite all the research that has been done, and is currently underway right this moment, we still know less about the ocean than we do about space! Elisabeth Mann Borgese, an expert in environmentalism, has written, “Our ignorance of the ocean is profound, and although we have learned much during the last hundred years, our knowledge of ocean processes and life in the oceans will remain forever incomplete” (Borgese 23). As Borgese said, it is impossible to learn all there is to know about the sea, but knowing what to do to fix the state of the world’s oceans is vital and attainable information.