The Effect Of Thyroidism On The Nervous System

Hashimoto thyroiditis is a common disease caused by hypothyroidism. The immune system cells attack the thyroid gland, causing inflammation and eventually destruction of the gland. This reduces the thyroids ability to make hormones. These hormones are known as thyroxine (T4) and tri-iodothyronine (T3) (Better health channel 2015).

Hashimoto’s is an idiopathic disease although there is no known cause there are risk factors. Women in their 30’s with a family history of thyroid disease or Hashimoto’s disease have a significant risk of developing this disease. Untreated hashimoto’s disease has some secondary conditions that can develop such as goiters, heart conditions, mental health problems, myxedema and birth defects. This disease is most often diagnosed by the patient’s primary care provider through a blood test – checking the hormone and antibody levels. Increased levels of TRH, TSH and antibody levels in combination with low levels of T3 and T4 will confirm the diagnosis. Once diagnosed the patient is started on synthetic hormones, most commonly levothyroxine or synthroid. Regular monitoring every six months to a year is recommended to determine if dosage changes need to be made. The hypothyroidism caused by hashimoto’s disease is easily controlled and treated with synthetic hormones which bring the body’s hormone levels back into a homeostatic state allowing the body to function

Hyperthyroidism is a disorder also referred to as an overactive thyroid. This is a condition where the thyroid develops a growth and produces excess amounts of triiodothyronine and other thyroid hormones. The disorder occurs when the elevated serum amounts of T3 and T4 enters the glands. This is one of the most common forms of hyperthyroidism. The major causes of hyperthyroidism are an excess secretion of thyroid hormones together with increased functioning of metabolism in the peripheries of the glands. Historically, hyperthyroidism has not been known for a good amount of time. The symptoms that result in the disorder are often hard to depict. It was until the disorder was discovered among patients that the problem was studied and analyzed for treatment and prevention (Preedy et al 2009).

The thyroid is a part of the endocrine system. The thyroid produces two hormones that affect metabolism, heart function and brain development. The hormones also helps regulate body temperature, weight and skin dryness. The two hormones that the thyroid secrets is triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). Thyroid-Stimulation hormone (TSH) is secreated by the pituitary gland, also part of the endocrine system, regulates the production on thyroid hormoes. If thyroid hormones are low the pituitart gland releases more TSH and if the thyroid hormones are hign less TSH is released. If someone is has Hashimoto’s disease the function of the thyroid and pituitary gland is affected and starts to decrease the thyroid hormones in the body and causes the pituitary gland to release more TSH into the

Exophthalmic goiter, more popularly known as Graves’ disease, is an autoimmune disease where too much activity of the thyroid gland leads to the overproduction of thyroid hormones such as T3 and T4. More specifically, an autoimmune disorder is described as “the body's immune system mistakenly identifying healthy cells as foreign invaders and attacking them” (Lam, 2015). This disease affects the thyroid gland, an organ located at the base of the neck just below the Adam's apple. The thyroid gland is a crucial component of the endocrine system, which is responsible for the regulation of a person's metabolism by releasing hormones into the bloodstream. Since the disease affects the thyroid gland, hyperthyroidism is one of the most common results

The submandibular gland is more commonly associated with stone formation than the other glands because the gland's secretion is more mucoid and because the gland lies in a dependent position relative to the duct orifice. This leads to stasis of

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Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis, also called Hashimoto’s disease is an autoimmune disease in which the body’s immune system attacks the thyroid gland. It was named for the Japanese surgeon who discovered it in 1912 The thyroid is a small butterfly shaped gland in the front of the neck. The thyroid makes hormones called T3 and T4. These hormones regulate metabolism. The thyroid is controlled by hormones of the pituitary gland, which is also called the “master gland.” It is a pea-sized gland located in the base of the brain which, among others, makes thyroid stimulating hormone, or TSH. TSH stimulates the thyroid to make thyroid hormone. With Hashimoto’s disease, the thyroid cells are damaged resulting in the inability to make enough thyroid

Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism are both disorders of the thyroid gland and both have to do with the secretion of triiodothyronine and thyroxine. The thyroid hormones are stimulated by the thyroid stimulating hormone, which come from the adenohypophysis, and controls the release of triiodothyronine and thyroxine. Hyperthyroidism, also known as Grave’s disease, means that there is means there is too much thyroid hormone in the system. Symptoms are weight loss, high basal metabolic rate, sweating, nervousness, and rapid heart rate. Hypothyroidism, also known as myxedema, is when there is not enough secretion of thyroid hormones. The symptoms are the exact opposite there is weight gain, lethargy, mental sluggishness, and reduced heart rate.

The thyroid gland is prone to more than a few very distinct problems, some of which are very common. "These problems can be broken down into those concerning the production of hormone (too much, or too little), those due to increased growth of the thyroid, causing compression of important neck structures or simply appearing as a mass in the neck, the formation of nodules or lumps within the thyroid which are worrisome for the presence of thyroid cancer, and those which are cancerous" (Norman, 2012).

The thyroid regulates your metabolism, your appetite, muscle function, blood pressure, heart rate, among other things. And a way that it interacts with the pituitary is a good example of a negative feedback loop, a method of communication that's common all over the body and especially in the endocrine system. Basically, the pituitary is like the thyroid's thermostat. It can read how much thyroid hormone is in your blood stream and when its levels are low, it spits out a tiny bit of thyroid stimulating hormone, or TSH, which travels to the thyroid. The thyroid, in turn, secretes thyroid hormone, which boosts our metabolism, and that increase in metabolism tells the pituitary to stop sending out TSH. So the effect of the pituitary secretion is

The thyroid gland is a butterfly shaped endocrine gland that is normally located in the lower front of the neck behind the adam 's apple and along the windpipe. The thyroid gland is very rich with blood vessels. The main purpose of the thyroid is to make, store, and release thyroid hormones into the blood which is then carried to every tissue in the body. How the works is that when you acquired iodine from the food you eat. Some food has a good source of iodine in it, for example iodine is in most foods like milk, salt, bread, etc. The Thyroid gland then takes the right amount of iodine out of your blood and uses it to make two different types of thyroid hormones. The thyroid hormones produced can be either of two different types, either thyroxine or triiodothyronine. According to the article You and Your Hormones, thyroxine is the inactive form of the thyroid hormone while Triiodothyronine is the active form of thyroid the hormone. Thyroid hormones help the body use energy, stay warm and keep the essential body organs working, for example the heart, brain, muscles and other organs. But the thyroid gland influences most of all the metabolic process in the body.

“The thyroid gland is located proximal to the throat, in front of the neck, under the thyroid cartilage”. The thyroid cartilage is also referred to as the “Adam’s Apple” (“Thyroid Cancer” 1). This “gland produces several important hormones”. These thyroid hormones control body temperature, weight, and energy level. Included in these hormones is “Calcitonin, which helps the body use calcium” (“Thyroid Cancer” 1).

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