The Effects of Full Mouth Disinfection on Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetes with and without Chronic Periodontitis the experimental research was aimed toward the problem of the high periodontal disease prevalence amongst individuals with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes: admittedly the researchers found periodontal prevalence rates to be generally higher in diabetics than in those free of the systemic disease (as cited Srirangarajan, Setty, Satvanaravan, & Shetty S, 2016). Literature review can be found within column 2 on page 103, and columns 1 and 2 on page 104. The report used 48 references: 48 of the 34 references came from primary sources, while the remaining 14 came from secondary sources. Experiments were aimed “to …show more content…
Type 2 diabetic clients are at higher risk for diabetic complications in the presence of chronically elevated glucose levels: consequences include higher risk factors for cardiovascular disease, neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, skin conditions, loss of hearing, and Alzheimer’s disease (Mayo Clinic, 2016).
The researchers proposed two hypotheses. The conventional hypothesis proposes that full-mouth SRP (independent variable) of periodontally involved (IV) patients would not have an effect on type 2 diabetic insulin resistance blood glucose, or total insulin levels (dependent variables). And in opposition, the alternative hypothesis presents full mouth disinfection (IV) of non-periodontally involved patients (IV), to improve the effect on type 2 diabetics insulin resistance, blood glucose, and total insulin levels (DVs).
The population of type 2 diabetics were identified. Participants were recruited from the pool of patients visiting the Out Patient Department of Periodontics, Bangalore Institute of Dental Sciences, and the Postgraduate Research Center (Srirangarajan, et al., 2016). Sampling occurred for 8 months and contained 60 recruited participants. The sample was conveniently selected from the population (convenience sample reference, text book). Protection and integrity of human rights were maintained. The researchers consulted with participant’s Physicians prior to conducting periodontal therapy. The
Type 2 Diabetes is a disease that is found in a variety of age groups around the world. This disease is growing at a rapid rate and it is impacting the health of this generation and future generations to come. Diabetes is a disease that impairs the body’s ability to produce or respond to the insulin hormone produced by the pancreas. The insulin allows for the glucose to be effectively used as energy throughout the body. Diabetes causes carbohydrates to be abnormally digested, which can raise blood glucose levels. This means that the glucose is not being taken up by the cells that need it. The cells cannot take up the excess glucose that has accumulated in the blood, so it is excreted through the urine. This can lead to problems with the kidneys, central nervous system, heart, and eyes because high blood glucose can damage the blood vessels of these organs. This diseased is managed by adopting a diet low in fat and high in fiber, increasing physical activity, losing excess weight, and not smoking. If this
Type 2 diabetes is a very serious disease with many life threatening consequences, but if it is manage properly through preventative measures, diabetics can live a normal life.
Dental insurance coverage is a key determinant on whether to seek care or not. The exclusion of our mouths from the rest of our body parts and not receiving the care it requires is quite impossible to rationalize (McClymont, 2015). Dental care is essential in the maintenance of good oral health and in the identification of symptoms of systemic conditions that most likely are manifested through the mouth. As striking and conspicuous as it may sound, Canada has indeed a type of health care system wherein mouth is excepted as a part of the body. As a matter of fact, our lips, tongues, and throats are securely covered while our teeth and gums are left out from the privilege. The most common infectious disease in the world are dental diseases, and the fact that many health issues can be first diagnosed through the oral cavity validates its importance and co-relevance to the rest of our body. Studies have linked poor oral health such as severity of gum infection to AIDS, first stages of osteoporosis, reveal nutritional deficiencies, immune disorders, cancer, and so on and so forth. Xerostomia or dry mouth for an instance is often a symptom of undetected diabetes. Diabetic patients have higher risks of gum infection caused by increased blood sugar, thickening of blood vessels resulting to hindered healing process that is why they are obligated to undergo pre-medication as a form
Type II Diabetes is a growing disease that according to Ley, Ardisson Korat, Qi, Tobias, Cuilin, Lu and ... Hu (2016) approximately 415 million adults are affected by this disease world wide and in the United States in 2015, $348 million dollars was spent on treatment for diabetes. Additionally, the growing number of people who are projected to develop type II diabetes is
The purpose of this paper is to show if periodontal therapy on type 2 diabetic patients can have an impact on metabolic control, compared to type 2 diabetic patients who do not receive periodontal therapy. The fact that diabetic patients have high risk of periodontal disease is well known. On the other hand, it is not much known that how the periodontal therapy impact the metabolic control in diabetic patients. It is important to discuss about this topic not only because type 2 diabetes mellitus is a common disease in worldwide but also because, according to the World Health Organization, current prevalence may double by the year 2030, and diabetes-related health care expenditures range from 2.5% to 15% of annual health care budgets. (Engebretson et al, 2013)
Having Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is associated with oral infections. A major oral infection that will be discussed is periodontal disease. Periodontal disease and Diabetes Mellitus have a two-way relationship; periodontal disease is the sixth most common complication of Diabetes Mellitus and DM is the strongest risk factor for periodontal disease (http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0082158). A risk factor that can occur from diabetes is xerostomia; this is the condition of not having enough saliva to keep the mouth wet (http://www.nidcr.nih.gov/oralhealth/Topics/DryMouth/). As a dental hygienist, you should
Since diabetes depresses wound healing and creates blood vessel changes, Alice is at an increase risk of gingivitis and periodontitis. I can provide periodontal therapy if Alice is diagnosed with gum disease (Little et al., 2013, p. 236).
The Effects of Full Mouth Disinfection on Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetes with and without Chronic Periodontitis study identified the problem of the high periodontal disease prevalence amongst individuals with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes. The researchers found periodontal prevalence rates to be generally higher in diabetics than in those free of the systemic disease (as cited Srirangarajan, Setty, Satvanaravan, & Shetty S, 2016).
The ADA is a non-profit and nation’s largest dental association, which represents more than 150,000 dentists. The ADA has grown to become the leading source of oral health related information for dentists and their patients. (ADA, n.d.). The American Dental Association argues that food selection and eating habits have a significant role in maintaining good oral health. Furthermore, the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee (DGAC) states that there is consistent evidence that dental caries would be lower if added sugars consumption is less than 10 percent of energy intake which could occur if consumers attention is brought to added sugars (ADA, 2015). To support their claims the ADA used the DGAC assessment on dental caries, which is based on the review accredited by the World Health Organization (ADA, 2015). Therefore, it can be affirmed that the evidence is suffice and
Cigarette smoking not only has a negative effect on respiratory and cardiovascular health, but also has been associated with diabetes, gastrointestinal and thyroid diseases, and almost every other organ system in the body (Johnson & Guthmiller, 2007). Linked to various cancers, smoking is extremely detrimental (Johnson & Guthmiller, 2007). Smoking is also “the major risk factor for periodontitis” (Preshaw et al, 2015). While increasing the prevalence of periodontitis, smoking also has a profound effect on the severity of periodontal disease in individuals (Preshaw et al, 2015). The third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) in 2000 found that “41.9% of periodontitis cases in the United States were attributable to current cigarette smoking” (Tomar & Asma, 2000). Smokers have a four times greater chance to be diagnosed with periodontitis (Johnson & Guthmiller, 2007). Indeed, patients who are smokers also do not appear to respond as favourably to periodontal treatment and show a greater risk of refractory and/or recurrent periodontal disease (Fardal, 2008). Multiple studies show that smoking has the potential to alter numerous processes in the oral cavity (Preshaw et al, 2015). Most notably, smoking has been shown to modify various aspects of physiology in patients, impair immunological response and alter the microflora of the oral cavity (Presahaw et al, 2015).
of dental caries is a still controversial issue [8], however, most literature agreed that prolonged
Diabetes affects the periodontal condition by “feeding” harmful bacteria that thrives under your gums with sugars from your blood circulation. With more bacteria attacking your body, your immune system must fight much harder and has less energy to work on other issues like diabetes. Another risk of having this bacteria living in your mouth is that these bacteria enter the blood system and attach to the inner walls of the blood vessels forcing the immune system building a barrier around them and slowly closing up the arteries. When the arteries getting narrower the heart must work harder to pump the blood through and this cause increase in blood pressure. You must be aware of the affect of smoking that cause systemic and oral problems as well. Nicotin from the cigarettes cause constriction in the blood vessels that also increase blood pressure and result in less blood flowing through the gum tissue. When this happens, the immune cells have no access to the harmful bacteria that cause the inflammation in the gums to protect your tissue, and
In this paper, I am going to discuss about Mr DB who presented to the dental clinic for a scale and debridement for his moderate generalised chronic periodontal disease. Apart from his periodontal disease, the known health issues that Mr DB has include poorly controlled diabetes, which is most likely to be type 2 according to the medication that he is taking, and class 2 obesity, considering his weight and height. He is also likely suffering from hypercholesterolemia, hypertension and constipation considering the medications that he takes. Despite his health conditions, Mr DB has issues with his diet as his diet involves frequent consumption of sugar and minimal intake of vegetables and no fruits. The choice of food is also highly shifted to high GI food and saturated fat, and these factors can have bad impact for his health conditions and hence need to be modified accordingly. Mr DB has also social determinants which may be related (associated) to the health conditions that he has. These include risky health behaviours such as lack of physical activity, life course events such as
The participants were selected from the diabetic clinic of St. Thomas Hospital both in the outpatient department and those admitted with diabetic foot ulcer. Total 180 participants were selected randomly and assigned to control group (conventional treatment) and experimental group, informed consent was obtained. (The details are given in chapter
Nonsurgical periodontal treatment is the first step in the treatment plan for a periodontally involved patient. The goal of nonsurgical therapy is to prevent further alveolar bone destruction and improved biofilm control. A positive response to nonsurgical periodontal treatment involves a 1-2 mm reduction in probing depths or probing depths that have not progressed further (Gehrig & Willmann, 2013). After completing a re-evaluation with a positive response the patient will be put on a 3 periodontal maintenance. A 3 month periodontal maintenance is necessary because the pathogenic bacteria within the oral cavity will continue to grow within 90 days to be at the same amount as the first appointment (Darby & Walsh, 2015). However, a negative response