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The Emotional Intensity Of The Clinical Material

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populations. The emotional intensity of the clinical material (real life stories about torture, beheadings, sex trafficking or so) can inflict providers with vicarious traumatization. Hence, care providers apply self-care strategies for themselves when working with the victims of torture. Williams and Berry (1991) proposed a few suggestions to make changes at systemic level. These changes comprises developing school curricula that promote multicultural and multiracial understanding and tolerance, increasing public education programs to raise the knowledge and acceptance of the benefits of pluralism to a society, and of the contribution of newcomers to the cultural and economic life of the country, increasing public awareness of the possible difficulties faced by newcomers, and the effects of prejudice on both victim and perpetrator. Researchers and practicing psychologist need to bear in mind contextual/ecological factors in the development of mental illness and recovery process as well. According to Brofenbrenner 's ecological theory, throughout the life course, human development is affected by the interplay between individuals and their relationships, community and societal factors in their immediate external environment (Bronfenbrenner & Morris, 1998). Figure 1. Brofenbrenner Model (1979) The contextual approach can help psychologist put refugee stressors in a context through variety of systemic levels. As it is showed in the Figure 1, refugees can experience stressors

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