Introduction
This report will focus on the endocrine system and how it is supporting the body to function well. The link between the effects of the endocrine system and type 2 diabetes will be highlighted. A clear distinction of normal endocrine functions will be explained and in addition the effects due to the condition of type 2 diabetes. The normal human body consists of two main systems which work together to sustain homeostasis. The two systems involved are the nervous system and the endocrine system. (1)
The endocrine system includes of specific tissues and glands which secrete chemical messengers to the body called hormones. The glands are aided by the nervous system and chemical receptors in the blood and other hormones produced by other glands. Hormones regulate many functions of the body such as cellular metabolism, reproduction, sugar and mineral homeostasis and digestion.
One gland which has an important role in the endocrine system is the pancreas which is an organ in the upper abdomen. The pancreas has two main functions the pancreas excretes enzymes to break down proteins, lipids and carbohydrates and nucleic acids in food therefore functions as an exocrine gland. The hormone insulin and glucagon are produced in this organ and serve as an endocrine gland .The function of these hormones being created are controlling blood sugar levels.
Diabetes type 2
A type of disease that is caused by lack of normal functioning of the endocrine system is type 2 diabetes.
Diabetes, Diabetes Mellitus, is a chronic illness this means that it has no cure and the symptoms persist over a long period of time. This illness is a result of an imbalance of hormones, insulin, produced in the pancreas. Insulin plays an important role in how the body uses food. Insulin enables the cells in the bloodstream to absorb and use glucose for fuel. If the pancreas produces too little or no insulin or if the insulin doesn’t work properly the person may become diabetic. Therefore, diabetics are not able to properly convert food into fuels needed by the body to function, which can seriously lead to physical consequences.
The common bile duct originates in the liver and the gallbladder and produces another important digestive juice called bile. The pancreatic juices and bile that are released into the duodenum, help the body to digest fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. Endocrine Function: The endocrine component of the pancreas consists of islet cells that create and release important hormones directly into the bloodstream. Two of the main pancreatic hormones are insulin, which acts to lower blood sugar, and glucagon, which acts to raise blood sugar. Maintaining proper blood sugar levels is crucial to the functioning of key organs including the brain, liver, and kidneys.
The endocrine system is the system of the body in which releases hormones into the bloodstream. The hormones then cause different reactions within the body, and these reactions shape
Diabetes mellitus type 2 is an endocrine disorder that causes impaired use of carbohydrates while enhancing the use of proteins and lipids. This is called insulin resistance, in which the pancreas cannot make enough insulin to keep blood glucose levels normal, or the body is unable to use what is produced. The impairment causes blood glucose level to rise higher than normal. There is no cure for type 2 diabetes mellitus and it is life threatening when left untreated. Signs and symptoms of this disorder include vision changes, increased thirst, increased hunger, increased frequency of urination, stomach pain, nausea and vomiting, erectile dysfunction, and absences of mentruation. These can occur abruptly, or over a long period of time.
A hormone is a type of chemical messenger that allows communication between cells. Hormones are concealed by the glands of the endocrine system and they help to maintain homeostasis and to regulate reproduction and development. Glands of the endocrine system secrete hormones right into the extracellular environment. The hormones then diffuse to the bloodstream by capillaries and are transported to the target cells. Hormones are molecules that generally apply effects at sites other than that from which they were produced and secreted.
The endocrine system uses chemical messengers called hormones that are transported by the circulatory system (blood). They act on target cells that may be anywhere in the body.
The endocrine system and the nervous system both coordinate the activities of body parts and create homeostasis by controlling and regulating the other parts of the body The nervous system reacts quickly to external and internal stimuli, whereas the endocrine system is slower to act but its effects are longer lasting. Without this disease the pancreas would still be able to make the correct amount of insulin. With the right amount of insulin in the body glucose would be able to enter the cells instead of being stuck in the blood stream. Type 1 diabetes can never be revered however there are many treatments the can prevent symptoms these include taking regular insulin injections, artificial pancreases, blood sugar monitoring, healthy eating and to monitor the amount of carbohydrates and daily
Diabetes is a long-term metabolic condition characterized by high blood sugar levels. There are three major categories of the disease, type 1 diabetes occurs when the body produces minimal or no insulin, type 2 diabetes is when the body produces either little insulin or the cells are unable to respond to insulin, gestational diabetes mainly occurs during pregnancy. Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus, which is, type 2 diabetes is the most prevalent. The major complication that is caused by Type 2 diabetes is unremitting hyperglycemia, which leads to numerous changes in the body. There are several alterations in cellular, cardiovascular, and nervous functioning, which contribute to complications such as neuropathies and heart
Diabetes mellitus Type 2 also known as adult onset diabetes is the most common form of diabetes today. Type 2 Diabetes can be caused by a lack of insulin created or the cells in the body being insulin resistant. Insulin is needed for the body to be able to use glucose (sugar) as energy for the cells. Insulin resistance causes your body to create more insulin than you need in your body to compensate for the insulin your cells are not able to use. Over time the pancreas fails to make extra insulin. This is why Type 2 Diabetes is seen more in people over 65, according to the American Diabetes Association. Without a healthy body, the pancreas will be unable to produce extra insulin to account for the transferring of an adequate amount of blood glucose to the cells. With a low glucose level in the cells, the cells fail to fuel the body which can lead to cells being energy starved. A high glucose level in the blood can lead to damages to the heart, eyes, kidneys and nerves over time. Even though Type 2
Diabetes is a long term illness that causes a person’s blood sugar levels to become too high. There are two types of diabetes which are type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is when the body immune system attacks and destroys the cells that produce insulin. Type 2 diabetes is when the body doesn’t produce enough insulin or the body cells do not react to insulin.
The human body contains various structures and organs that allow regulations and maintenance of homeostasis. Foundation is built through the framework of the skeletal system, motion is possible due to the muscular system humans have and other body systems that allow humans to perform daily actions. All of this anatomical structures are possible due to the two main controlling system found in the body; the nervous system and endocrine system. The nervous system can be considered as information processor of the human body, but for it to be more effective in transferring and processing information; it works in tandem with the endocrine system. The purpose of the endocrine system is to act in response to the information the
The endocrine system is a group of glands distributed throughout the human body. This group of glands secretes substances called hormones. These hormones are dumping into the bloodstream (Shier, Butler & Lewis, 2009). The endocrine system does not have a single anatomic location. It is dispersed throughout the human body. The final purpose of this process is to control, regulate, and coordinate the functioning of the human body. Some body functions can be activated or inhibited by hormones, which are secreted in very small quantities. The hormone related diseases may be due to hyper secretion, or a hypo secretion. The hormones secreted by the endocrine glands regulate growth, development and function of many tissues, and coordinate the
The Endocrine system is in charge of making sure your body works the way it should. It works by sending chemical messages through your body to make sure it works efficiently. The Endocrine system affects pretty much every cell and organ in your body. This system includes every single gland in your body that makes hormones. These glands include the pituitary gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, thyroid gland, Pancreas, ovaries in females and testicles in males. These collection of glands produce and secrete (release) hormones directly into the blood stream. These hormones target specific cells in an organ, this is to control metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep and mood. This is to help the body work the way it is suppose to. Homeostasis is the process of maintaining a constant internal environment including temperature, water content, available energy, oxygen and the concentration of wastes ensures that the body
Type 2 Diabetes is a condition which occurs when the body is no longer able to deal with the increasing level of glucose (sugar) in the blood.
Diabetes mellitus, or better known as Diabetes, is an endocrine system disorder. In this case, your body is unable to produce enough or any insulin at all. Insulin, produced by the pancreas, has a very important role. When sugar is ingested from food, it is turned into energy for the cells in our body. Without insulin, the transfer of sugar into the cells would be compromised. Insulin is also vital to keep the right balance of sugar in the bloodstream (Hess-Fischl, 2015). If too much insulin is produced, blood sugar levels are decreased resulting in hypoglycemia. Hyperglycemia occurs when the blood sugar levels are increased (Sargis, n.d.).