The Epidemiologist In Clinical Research

IRB is an abbreviation for the institutional review board. Informed by the need to review human biomedical and behavioral research to the mutual benefit of the researcher and the sample population oversight, responsibilities have to be designated to an impartial body. In light of this, the IRB is also commonly referred to as the independent ethics committee or the ethical review board. Indeed, biomedical and behavioral research on humans is not a light discipline as some of the research tenets border on life and death. It is thus important to evaluate whether the

My main reason to apply for this scholarship is to improve the evidence-based clinical practice in the hospital. Right now Indonesia government is working toward developing universal health coverage through the national insurance company (BPJS). The BPJS obligate the hospital and other health care provider to fill the insurance patient data in P-care online system. If this data is properly managed, this large data has potential usage for epidemiological study. Through this scholarship, I will obtain in-depth skills in clinical epidemiology. I will also gain networking and collaboration experience with an epidemiological expert from Australia. With these skills, I wish to develop a system to use the P-care online database for clinical epidemiology

After termination of the study, the government implemented and has regulated several changes that impact nursing and public policy today. After ethical concerns had been publically raised and the study was terminated, the National Research Act was signed into law in 1974. This policy was used in the creation of the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research, which proved helpful in identifying policy issues such as the lack of identified basic principles of research conduct and lack of informed consent. Regulations were passed according to this panel’s recommendations that required voluntary consent from all persons involved in studies which are funded or conducted by the Department of Health, Education and Welfare (DHEW) (CDC, 2013). For nurses, this involves a responsibility to ensure that research participants are advocated for and the consent being obtained is used as an educational, informative

Epidemiology is the study of diseases and informs the public about the health epidemics and new standards put in place. They usually work in laboratories, businesses, and offices where they work on discovering many diseases and conducting research while also finding cures to new diseases. In order to become an epidemiologist, I will have undergo through 4 year as an undergraduate and obtain a Masters in Biology or Public Health. In high school, it is recommended for me take Biology, Chemistry or to have some type of science background in order to help me get best prepared. In this paper I will discuss the history of epidemiology, the pathway to get to this career, and why this job/career will be the best fit for me.

In 1974, the National Research Act was signed into law. This led to the creation of the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of the Biomedical and Behavioral Research. This policy change involved new principles to govern research conduct and ways through which these principles were to be followed. Also in addition, laws were passed in 1974 that required researchers to get adequate, voluntary and informed consent from all persons taking part in studies done or funded by the Department of Health, Education and Welfare (DHEW). A law was also made to make it a requirement that all researches involving human subjects be reviewed by Institutional Review Boards.

The Belmont Report: Ethical principles and guidelines for the protection of human subjects of research. Retrieved December 13, 2011, from hhs.gov/ohrp/humansubjects/guidance/belmont.html

In addition to censoring research, IRBs, “...shall have authority to suspend or terminate approval of research…”(§46.113, Common Rule). This allows IRBs to end a study completely, licensing not only the speech of researchers, but also their actions. This stops scientists from being able to freely study what they choose without first gaining the approval of an Institutional Review Board, which stops the free growth of the scientific community. Another issue that arises when considering the power of IRBs is the responsibility of members. In a study on the commitment of IRB members, researchers at Johns Hopkins found that members thought,”...compensation for IRB service was an important factor regarding role responsibilities…”(Currie). This shows that IRB members cannot always be considered a reliable source, which is important when dealing with crucial scientific research. Supporters will say that the Intervention of IRBs protects the subjects of human research subjects, but this isn’t the case. For instance, an IRB at Johns Hopkins University ended a study on the effects of infections patients receive from cardiac catheterization, but not before the research could be published, saving over 1,500 lives and $200,000,000 in 18 months(Hamburger). Institutional Review Boards do nothing to help human subjects. They only hurt scientific growth.

Learning epidemiology at Rollins school of Public Health is essential for me to attain this goal. In short, this paragraph should assure the graduate admissions committee that you have matured during your

The purpose of IRB review is to assure that appropriate steps are taken to protect the rights and welfare of humans participating as subjects in the research, hence, IRB approval must be obtained prior to conducting a research project. To accomplish this purpose, IRBs’ use a group process to review research protocols and related materials like informed consent

 Were appropriate procedures used to safeguard the rights of study participants? Was the study subject to external review by an IRB/ethics review board?

In 1979, the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research published the Belmont Report. Centered around the concepts of justice, beneficence, and respect for persons, “this report would set forth the basic ethical principles for research involving human subjects” [4]. In 1981, the HHS and FDA revised existing federal regulations governing human subjects research to make those regulations compatible with the contents of the Belmont Report. This implementation of the Belmont Report led to the publication of The Federal Policy for the Protection of Human Subjects by HHS as part 46 of Title 45 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)[5]. In 1991, this policy was adopted by eighteen federal agencies

Epidemiology is a key player in the field of interdisciplinary studies, spanning a wide range of topics. Medicine, journalism, data analysis, law, computer science, the list goes on. The job of finding out health information through research and communicating it to the public is daunting. In a world flooded with scare tactics, misinformation, and flashy headlines, how can a credible study get through? This is where journalism and marketing skills connect. Making useful,

A famous epidemiologist once said “Epidemiologist is like a bikini: what is revealed is interesting; what is concealed is crucial” (Duesberg). Epidemiology is the study of diseases and informs the public about health epidemics and new health standards put in place. A typical day for an epidemiologist is as follows: they usually work in laboratories, businesses, and offices where they discover many diseases and conduct research while also finding cures for new malignant diseases. Epidemiologist also focuses on medicine for example, they create new antibiotics for vicious diseases or create vaccines to help combat diseases. In order to become an epidemiologist, it would take 4 years as an undergraduate and obtain a Masters in Biology or Public Health. During high school, it is required to take 1 year of Biology and Chemistry or to obtain some kind of science background in order to help me get better prepared. In this paper, I will argue why I selected to pursue a career as an Epidemiologist based on prior knowledge and interest in public health & Biology, health epidemics and experiments/case studies.

I was drawn to the idea of not only focusing on one-on-one patient care that doctors provide, but also solving problems that affect the health of entire populations. The study of disease and health within populations; for instance, preventing disease, promoting health, and reducing health problems between groups are the main reasons I want to pursue an M.P.H focusing on epidemiology. These are my strongest interests because I believe they are important in improving our world’s health.

This paper defines and explains the six core functions of epidemiology: Public health surveillance, field investigation, analytic studies, evaluations, linkages, and policy development. The core functions of epidemiology lay down a foundation on which epidemiologists can begin to work from. This paper will look at the benefits of incorporating all six of these functions into a working plan when health officials, medical personnel, first responders, etc., encounter a disease or illness that needs to be identified, treated and contained.