The IMF Disease Eating Away Our Daily Bread

History of terrorism in Pakistan goes back to the time of Russian capture of Afghanistan. Pakistani powers have long had binds to residential aggressor amasses that help propel the nation 's center outside strategy engages. India and Afghanistan have blamed Pakistan 's security and discernment administrations for playing a "twofold amusement".

1. Gen. In the world Pakistan is a county that is facing one of the most critical conditions of terrorism. Pakistan is on an urge of war against the terrorism since more than 15 years that has been killed thousands of innocent citizens and several hundred of soldiers and law and enforcement agencies' personnel during fighting against terrorism. This irritation has not only affected the peoples of Pakistan, but it has been also very bad effects upon the economy of Pakistan. These things have made the economic situation of the state unsteady and unsecured.

The U.S. State Department defines terrorism, according to Piazza (2006), “premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by sub national groups or clandestine agents, usually intended to influence an audience” (p. 165). Throughout history, labor disputes have often been accompanied by terror and resistance movements. Terrorism dates way back in history, but political terrorism only dates back to the last century and is regarded as a new phenomenon. For example, Afghanistan has seen conflict since it was created as a county. The most notable is the terror of the terrorist group the Taliban. The Taliban rose to power when commanders imposed heavy costs on trades between Pakistan and Afghanistan. Many people had to adapt to the high risk environment created by the commanders and this spurred the acts of violence. Today conflict is evident throughout the country. What is the cause of modern political terrorism? There are many schools of thought on why a modern country will experience terrorism. In this paper I focus on the theory of a poor economy fueling acts of terror and the different schools of thoughts that focus on this subject. An economy is influenced by many categories. Many of these categories, such as the gap between wealthy and poor, economic and resource distribution, socioeconomic status, employment, and social welfare and policy all account for a country’s economy. When there is poor performance in these areas the country

The IMF's primary purpose is to ensure the stability of the international monetary system—the system of exchange rates and international payments that enables countries (and their citizens) to transact with one other. This system is essential for promoting sustainable economic growth, increasing living standards, and reducing poverty. The Fund’s mandate has recently been clarified and updated to cover the full range of macroeconomic and financial sector issues that bear on global stability.

It’s been more than 68 years of so called independence but yet we are not free. Although we were assigned with a new territory and a new title yet we haven’t stood up on our own. Pakistan is enormously confined within a foreign group of countries. And they manipulate us as they want and we are bound to follow them. A country prospers only when the basic requirements, food, clothes and shelter, are rendered to its citizens. But to do so, first we have to liberate our homeland from foreign affairs. There are a number of factors that are responsible for the downfall of Pakistan. Let’s have a look on 10 primary reasons behind the downfall of Pakistan:

America and Pakistan have different goals in Afghanistan. While Washington wants to defeat the Taliban and Al-Qaeda, Pakistan wants them to stop violence in its territories and to capture power in Kabul. Islamabad sees the Afghan war as an opportunity to strengthen its military, with Western support, to fend off India and lean on New Delhi to resolve the Kashmir dispute. From Pakistan’s perspective, the Taliban jihadists -- trained in Pakistani madarsas and supported by the Inter-Service Intelligence, the military spy agency – will make the best allies in Kabul and help augment the anti-Indian jihad in Kashmir.

No surprises here. Gall, after all, penned “The Wrong Enemy: America in Afghanistan 2001-2014,” a tome that must surely feature as essential reading for Pakistanophobes. In her book, Gall posits that Washington’s Afghan war strategy was flawed from the get-go. After felling the Taliban, US forces should have kept marching east instead of invading Iraq. Why? Because without Pakistan’s patronage, neither they nor Al-Qaeda could ever have bloomed in the region.

Conflicts between Afghanistan and Pakistan brought to the forefront deep-rooted issues that continue to plague relations between the two neighboring countries. Pakistan and Afghanistan are two neighboring Islamic states in South Asia with sharing borders. Conflicts between the 2 started because Afghanistan never recognized the Durand line, which divides the 2 neighboring countries. Pakistan always wanted to keep Afghanistan under their control, but if Afghanistan opposes it would dispute its boundaries with Pakistan. The differences between the two can differ from economical to political and of course geographical. Economically, Pakistan is better than Afghanistan. Pakistan is a semi-industrialized country, poised to develop at a high rate. As of 2011, Pakistan’s nominal GDP was US$202 billion. Afghanistan, on the other hand, is one of the poorest countries in the world. For a long time, Afghan economy has remained closed with trade between tribes and communities. Prolonged instability caused no foreign investments to come through. As of

Petroleum import costs in 1990–1991 increased by half to US$5.7 billion.10 The government had to bear the additional burden of airlifting and rehabilitating 112,000 Indian workers from the Middle East as remittances from the region declined.11 The second shock was global recession: world growth had declined from 4.5 percent in 1988 to 2.25 percent in 1991.12 Export growth in the United States—India’s largest market—turned negative in 1991. Conditions in the Soviet Union, another major export destination, had also worsened. In 1990–1991 India’s exports grew only 4 percent. India was also suffering from internal political instability. The fragile National Front coalition faced a nationwide crisis in the summer of 1990 over its affirmative action policies. By autumn, a campaign by the BJP (an upper caste–dominated coalition partner) to build a Hindu temple at the site of a sixteenth-century mosque in Ayodhya resulted in widespread communal violence. The government collapsed when the BJP pulled out. A new minority government failed to pass the scheduled budget in February 1991 when it lost the Congress Party’s external support. In May 1991, while

‘Despite having their roots in a mixture of internal and external factors, the most appropriate response to current problems of economic performance in countries of the Middle East is to pursue stabilization and structural adjustment policies, supported by IMF/World Bank lending packages.’ Critically appraise this statement with reference to the recent experience of one MENA country of your choice.

Founded on August 14th 1947, after gaining independence from Great Britain, Pakistan is located in South East Asia bordering Afghanistan and India. With a population of about 189 million, most of whom are Sunni Muslim, Pakistan is a country that falls under the lower middle income bracket, and where most inhabitants reside in rural areas. The country’s government, which is a federally parliamentary republic is one that works as both a democratic and dictatorship regime ("The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency", 2016). The country’s gross national income per capita is about $5,090 and about 12.7 percent of the population survive on less that $1.25 a day ("GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) | Data", 2015; "The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency", 2016). The country has received over $3,611,900,000 dollars a year in foreign aid and owes about $64 billion dollars in debt to other countries. ("Net official development assistance and official aid received (current US$) | Data", 2015).

Though native-born families are the ones who suffer the most in poverty in Pakistan, there are also outsiders who suffer just as much. One example is the children of Afghan refugees from Afghanistan. During the Afghan War, many families in that region have been separated or killed during battles and abductions conducted by the terrorist group Al-Qaeda. This group has threatened almost virtually everyone in the country that if they don’t listen and obey their rules, they will have them executed or tortured. Thus, many families have packed their belongings and have made long treks out of the war torn nation. Once, they come into Pakistan, they expect their experience to be better than the one in Afghanistan. And to a certain extent, some of that may be true. However, once they become integrated in the society, they realize that it is very hard to find a place to work.

Above statistics suggests tremendous growth in telecommunication sector which is very good sign for economy but on the other hand Pakistan is constantly in war like situation for more than a decade now, which is causing huge damages to our economy and people. Generally Word “disaster” is used to refer natural disaster rather than manmade disasters but in Pakistan we are constantly facing disasters like suicide bombs, car bombs and explosions through planted devices. The war we are facing is very different in nature as it does not involve two or various countries directly but it’s a war where both internal and external elements are involved for spreading terrorism on our soil. Due to different nature of war different nature of tactics are required to tackle it.

In the ever globalizing world of today, exports have become a fundamental ingredient in country 's growth. Many countries, especially the less developed ones , often use policies of trade liberalization to boost up their exports. The most commonly used policy is import substitution. However, sometimes export promotion also becomes a prominent part of country 's economic policy. Unfortunately, Pakistan has never had a consistent, coherent and well-articulated trade policy. Trading patterns have closely followed a cycle defined by a major departure from and return to protectionist import substitution policies. For Pakistan, import substitution strategy failed to boost up the economic performance of the country. Although, the policy of import substitution has resulted in the promotion of industries oriented towards the domestic market by using import restrictions, through high tariffs, quantitative restrictions, overvalued exchange rates, to encourage the replacement of imported consumer and manufactured goods by domestic products but it was also observed that domestic industries growing behind protective tariff walls had no incentive to become efficient in production. Infant industries also never grew up. In addition, Import substitution policies accompanied by exchange controls promoted the use of more capital-intensive techniques of production.

In terms acceleration of economic growth is based on the measurement of GDP, MALAYSIA HAS recorded a growth of 5.1% last year. Although it is lower than 7.2% in 2010, but it was so roaring in the context of a difficult global economic environment and uncertainty. In contrast, global economic growth has dropped from 5.2% in 2010 to 3.8% in 2011 while the economy of the developed countries like USA, Germany, UK, France and Japan also recorded weak growth of respectively 1.5%, 2.7%, 1.1 %, 1.7% and -0.5% in the same year; far lower than Malaysia's achievements. Following a satisfactory GDP growth was assisted by the Federal government revenue increased by RM13.2 billion in 2011 through increased collection of IRB estimate of RM109.7 billion compared with RM96.5 billion the government has managed to reduce its fiscal deficit to 5.0% compared projection of 5.4%. This means that the GOVERNMENT has successfully steered the nation's economy as well as the control and management of public funds wisely in the past 3 years in a row when managed to bring down the fiscal deficit from 7.0% in 2009 to 5.6% (2010) and 5.0% in the past year in a expanding economy.