Question No. 1
Since the 1965 some major changes have occurred within Health Services. One change that occurred specifically was in 1965 Medicaid and Medicare brought Federal and State government into direct financing of medical care. The result of Medicare and Medicaid escalated in the overall cost of health care. Medicare and Medicaid also resulted in more federal regulations and modified direction of technological change in medicine. The increased role of health care services expenditure in the total gross domestic product has provided us with information the health care costs have been continually increasing. When enacted Medicare reimbursed hospitals on a cost basis, but in 1983 HCFA began to pay hospitals using DRGs, which pay a
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Theses technologies, if they replace more costly treatments or those of lesser quality in terms of efficaciousness, the result will be lower costs and better outcomes for the patient and the healthcare system (citiation)
Question No. 2 Sometimes it is difficult to know exactly what is “right” and what is “wrong.” I would have to say that ethics is more demanding than law. Law is the minimum performance required. Law is a system of principles and rules for human conduct that arises from a society’s value system (citiation). Professions demand compliance with the law, but they have codes of ethics that hold members to high standards. The law falls behind ethics. Law is backed by power of the state to compel, to punish and coerce compensation of loss. Where is ethics there are principles of conduct, which cultures generally agree upon. Ethics is both a source for the law and a function of the law. It is not necessarily true that what is lawful is ethical and what is unlawful is unethical.
The U.S strives for an ethically health care system. There are many examples that prove that the law will fall behind ethics. One example that demonstrates an issue in healthcare that presents legal and ethical considerations is the use of electronic medical records (EMR). EMRs several as several challenges to patient’s privacy, EMR are set to provide data only to those health care provider that
The analysis of positive and negative impacts of Medicare that you made, I believe, were comprehensive and interesting to see with your background in health care. I agree Medicare has increased insurance beneficiaries in the elderly population which is a positive influence. This also includes the coverage of those disabled and with ALS and end stage renal disease. The impact that Medicare has made on the families of these particular populations is the greatest impact of all. Medicare as you stated, has its flaws and one of the primary negative impacts I believe there to be is the services that are not covered such as vision and dental. The major of individuals had a payroll deduction while they were able to work and now that the insurance is
According to Barton (2010) Long-term Care “emphasized continuous care over a period of at least 90 days for a range of acute and chronic conditions. Regardless of the length of time (i.e., from weeks to years), LTC is an array of services provided in a range of settings to people who have lost some capacity for independence because of an injury, a chronic illness, or a condition” (pg. 349). This is the description of someone who may have been in a debilitating car accident, an elderly person with Alzheimer’s and dementia, a person diagnosed with chronic mental illness, and individuals who are developmentally delayed or “disabled.” People who are placed in these type of long-term care facilities are usually screened using two different
As we become older, issues with our health begin to take affect and finding ways to fund for that care is becoming even more difficult. In the article “Some Elders Must Take Drastic Measures to Obtain Long-term Care”, national magazine journalist Mary A. Fischer (2011) states that many Americans must face demeaning and disempowering choices in order to qualify for Medicaid or Medicare—federal funded health insurance programs— such as refusing to pay for a spouses institutionalization, divorce, and spending down assets. The author argues that these choices leave the healthy spouse with decreased funds to plan for their own retirement expense (Fisher, 2011). Working in the health care field for 4 years, along with my family’s own personal experiences I can relate to this article, since I have seen a variety of ways that federal funded health insurances have been unable to meet the expectations and demands of its beneficiaries.
Although the EHR is still in a transitional state, this major shift that electronic medical records are taking is bringing many concerns to the table. Two concerns at the top of the list are privacy and standardization issues. In 1996, U.S. Congress enacted a non-for-profit organization called Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). This law establishes national standards for privacy and security of health information. HIPAA deals with information standards, data integrity, confidentiality, accessing and handling your medical information. They also were designed to guarantee transferred information be protected from one facility to the next (Meridan, 2007). But even with the HIPAA privacy rules, they too have their shortcomings. HIPAA can’t fully safeguard the limitations of who’s accessible to your information. A short stay at your local
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the electronic health record mandate. Who started it and when? I will discuss the goals of the mandate. I will discussion will how the Affordable Care Act ties into the mandate of Electronic Health Record. It will describe my own facility’s EHR and what steps are been taken to implement it. I will describe the term “meaningful use,” and it will discuss possible threats to patient confidentiality and the what’s being done by my facility to prevent Health Information and Portability Accountability Act or HIPAA violations.
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) was passed by congress in 1996, and helps to ensure the privacy and security of Electronic Health Records (EHR's). By following the rules and regulations set forth under HIPAA, we can ensure the safety of patients' EHR's. We are responsible for protecting patients' records, and there are many measures we can take in order do this. Firstly, we must always keep patients' health information private. This means no discussing the records with people that are not authorized to know, and even then, we should only disclose the minimum necessary amount of information possible. For covered entities, we must designate a privacy and security officer to ensure the privacy
States are being pressured to expand Medicaid to families earning up to $30,000 a year, just like the Affordable Care Act permits. While several respected governors have agreed to expand the program, many other governors and state legislators are cautious. These officials do not want to deny Americans their access to health care, however they do want to slow the expansion of a program that will provide them with limited access to quality care while destroying state budgets. One of the strongest arguments that can be made against the expansion of Medicaid is the fact that States simply can not afford it. The appeal to states to expand Medicaid is that the federal government will cover 100% of the cost through 2016 and eventually lowering to
This paper covers the topic of Texas refusing to expand Medicaid. We will look at where the social welfare program came from, and also look at Obama and his affordable healthcare act in relation to how that is ties into the expansion of Medicaid and why Obama president felt that it was important. We will look at Governor Rick Perry’s along with Governor Greg Abbott’s viewpoints and why it is they that feel expanding Medicaid would not have been in the best interests of Texas. Finally we will take a look at my viewpoints on all of the issues currently at hand.
In today’s health care industry providing quality patient care and avoiding harm are the foundations of ethical practices. However, many health care professionals are not meeting the guidelines or expectations of the American College of Healthcare Executives (ACHE) or obeying the organizations code of ethics policies, especially with the use of electronic medical records (EMR). Many patients fear that their personal health information (PHI) will be disclosed by hackers or unauthorized users. According to Carel (2010) “ethical concerns shroud the
Dr. Kemp defines an electronic medical record (EMR) as “the digital version of a paper chart that contains all of a patients ' medical history from one practice” (Kemp, 2014). He also differentiates between the use of the term electronic medical record (EMR) and electronic health record (EHR). An EHR is more “comprehensive” than an EMR. It allows for data sharing across multiple practices. The use of both EMRs and EHRs has gained in notoriety in the last decade. And it appears that the use of these two terms is interchangeable. The idea of data sharing and having one’s health records at the click of a button is highly appealing. While there are several ethical implications to explore when dealing with computerized charting, the objective for this research review will focus primarily on three interesting concepts: autonomy, finance, and privacy, as it relates to information technology.
Hospitals were previously reimbursed by Medicare by fee-for-service. The fee-for-service plan paid for each service or treatment the hospital provided. As you can imagine this led to hospitals providing unnecessary treatments for financial gain. After 1983 Medicare started reimbursing hospitals based on the prospective payment system. Payments for services or treatments are based on preset payment amounts. The payments were based on diagnosis-related groups (DRG). This means hospitals are paid based on diagnosis and payment includes all hospital resources to treat the condition. By changing the reimbursement method, Medicare can contain cost. In 1992 a new reimbursement method for doctors was established. This payment method is called Resource Based Relative Value Scale (RBRVS). This approach contains cost by paying the same fee for the same service. Payments are determined by 3 components physician work, practice expense, and professional liability insurance. Payments are calculated by multiplying the combined costs of a service by a conversion factor determined by Medicare and adjusting for geographical differences in resource costs. By using these payment methods, Medicare can simplify the payment processing contain cost and encourage improvement of
Meaningful use refers to the adoption of healthcare management technology referred to as the electronic-health record whose primary function is enhancing the quality, efficiency, safety, as well as reduction in health related disparities. In addition, meaningful use seeks to improve the level of care coordination, public health management and population. Undoubtedly, this aspiration encompasses the increased engagement of the patients as well their families while maintaining the safety and confidentiality of the medical information of the patient. From this backdrop, this paper shall discuss the legal, ethical and financial issues that may flow from the legislation (adoption) of meaningful use.
The department of Health and Human Services protects and guides the health and well being of individuals here in America (Thacker, 2014). They fulfill these duties providing Americans with adequate and efficient health and human services and monitoring services designed to increase the efficiency of care in the health system (Thacker, 2014). One of the services being monitored by the department of Health and Human Services is the electronic health record system, which carries private and vital information of patient’s health record enabling all eligible participating health workers access to these records (Thacker, 2014). A breach of the protective health information of patients in a health organization creates chaos as these are against the health insurance portability and accountability (HIPAA) law (Thacker, 2014). Hence, measure will have to be put in place to determine what caused the breach and how to rectify it to ensure the breach never happens again (Thacker, 2014).
Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) are now exercising a more significant impact on healthcare practices than ever before. The United States healthcare system stands on the brink of a new age of electronic health information technology. The potential for innovation within this new technology represents a great opportunity for the future of medicine. However, in seeking to implement EMRs caution must be exercised to ensure that implementation does not have adverse effects on the personal nature of the patient-physician relationship an important issue that must be addressed in order preserve the integrity of healthcare in the new electronic age.
The correlation of increased potential patient rights violations and sensitive personal health data among electronic medical records than paper records is growing at an alarming rate. An estimated 52,000 public comments was reviewed by the Department of Health and Human Services requiring privacy regulations governing individually identifiable health information since the passage of Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1966 (HIPPA). The individually identifiable health information includes demographic data that relates to the individuals past, present, or future physical or mental health condition. In addition, the provision of health care rights of the individual, confidentiality, protection of