Do happy people drink less alcohol? The Impact of Psychological Wellbeing on Alcohol Use: Examining the role of Religiousness.
Introduction
Alcohol use in the student population is a well-documented phenomenon (e.g. Turrisi, Mallett, Mastroleo, & Larimer, 2006). A plethora of psychological research investigating various factors may predict the extent of an individual’s drinking behaviour. One such factor is religiousness, which includes the belief in and practice of any established religion. The research in this field also takes into account “other” spiritual orientations such as agnosticism and atheism. Studies have consistently found that low religiousness in students is associated with heavier alcohol use (Wells, 2010; Koenig, 2001;
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(Ryff, 1989).
Happiness is not the only indicator of psychological wellbeing. There are some others such as life satisfaction (e.g. Neugarten, Havighurst, &Tobin, 1961; Wood; Wylie, & Sheator, 1969), emotional and mental health , or subjective wellbeing (Kozma, Stones, & McNeil, 1991). These concepts have been used synonymously with psychological wellbeing, however, even though they are related with psychological wellbeing, they are not identical and should not define psychological wellbeing (Stull, 1987).
Psychological W ellbeing is the combination of both healthy mental functioning and a well-lived life, i.e., prudential happiness (Ryff & Singer, 1998). Ryff (1989) defined psychological wellbeing by operationalizing six-theory based on dimensions of psychological wellbeing such as self-acceptance, personal growth, purpose in life, positive relations with others, environmental mastery and autonomy.
1. Self-acceptance is the most common model of wellbeing. It defines an individual’s characteristics of optimal functioning. It is about the individual’s positive attitudes toward oneself, maturity, and positive psychological functioning. It is crucial for mental health.
2. Personal growth is defined to include an individual’s self-development, openness to new experiences, a sense of realizing self- potential, self-knowledge and effectiveness as well as improving self behaviour
Lyubomirsky defines happiness as the “experience of joy, contentment, or positive well-being, combined with a sense that one’s life is good, meaningful, and worthwhile” (184). She challenges the myths that people can find happiness by changing their circumstances and that people either are “born happy or unhappy” (186). Happiness is not something that can be found or something that not everyone can have. People make their own happiness, despite the difficulties they may face. Happiness comes by “choosing to change and manage your state of mind” (185). Lyubomirsky gives cases of people who are happy even though they suffer from losses and setbacks. These are the people whose circumstances should make them unhappy, but their intentional actions bring them joy. She also gives cases of people who have not suffered any major losses but are still unhappy because they may see events negatively and feel helpless before them. Lyubomirsky asserts that “changes in our circumstances, no matter how positive and stunning, actually have little bearing on our well-being” (186). Even though a person’s circumstances may be positive, those circumstances do not make them happy. Lyubomirsky uses a Subjective Happiness Scale to measure happiness, which takes the average of numerical answers to four questions. She argues that in order to become happier, “you need to determine your present personal happiness level, which will provide your first estimate of your happiness
“A positive sense of wellbeing which
- Wellbeing is the condition or state of a human being, animal or plant. There are five types of wellbeing…
From the perspective of positive psychology, there is a well-being formula invested by Martin Seligman to achieve a higher well-being. Martin Seligman (2010) defined as happiness: H (to maintain the length of happiness) = S (happy range breadth) + V (you can control the factors) + C (your living environment). Happy length: the distinction between "temporary" happy and "persistent" happy. Temporary happiness can be achieved by food, comedy, bunch of flowers. While the persistence of happiness is mainly affected by genetic, and this genetic trait can be changed. The breadth of happiness: psychologists think that we are born with a happy constant point, like a thermometer. If there is a happier thing, even if we are upset, it will be dedicated
While rising a glass every now and then may be okay, excessive alcohol consumption can lead to extreme alcohol abuse and even alcoholism. The society we live in is strongly prejudiced by alcohol, and affects people of all ages, gender, and background. It has been uncovered to millionaires to the homeless. Alcohol abuse has been a problem throughout the history of humanity; it is a disease which has caused many people to be overcome with trouble, problems, and debts also pattern of drinking that interferes with day-to-day activities. Alcoholism is a term that is widely recognized throughout the United States and the World. Alcoholism is a chronic disease, progressive and often turn fatal; it is a disorder and not due to other diseases or emotional problems. Many scientists have tried to pinpoint what Alcoholism is, and what this disease may be stemming from. Some people would dispute that alcoholism is only the over-consumption of alcohol; this statement is only somewhat true. An alcoholic is a person who relies on alcohol as a medium to help him or her deal with physical, emotional, or spiritual needs. It’s not always easy to see when drinking has crossed the line from moderate or social use to problem drinking. When dealing with Alcoholism a person over comes a lot of problems. Alcohol Abuse is high in the United States, “In the USA, 15% of Americans are problem drinkers, while between 5% to 10% of male and 3% to 5% of female drinkers could be diagnosed as alcohol
My analysis through experience and travel is that religion can not be the sole deciding factor in labeling one religion, on binge drinkers and another teetotalers. Though regions of a country have populations primarily occupied by a specific religion, the ecosystem and
Even if we use the word “happiness” on daily basis, has anyone ever tried to define it? It’s harder than it seems. When do you feel happy? How is it when you feel happy? Is there any way to understand how much happiness to you experience? This is the main hypothesis of this paper – Can happiness or wellbeing be measured? And if it can be measured, how do we measure it? Happiness is feeling pleasure and enjoyment because of your life, situation (Meriam Webster). Pleasure and enjoyment are very subjective and means different things to different people. This is where the term subjective wellbeing comes from. There are a lot of things that can be included when measuring wellbeing. Various studies have been conducted to assess wellbeing and how does it affect other factors. For example Earlstin(1995) and later on Ferrer-i-Carbonell(2005) have examined the relationship between income and happiness. Gruber(2004) studies the relationship cigarette taxation and happier smokers. Richard, Clark, Gerogellis and Diener(2004) analyze the effect of unemployment on wellbeing.
Personal growth is being able to find yourself and make your own choices without being hidden in the shadow of others. It is taking lessons you’ve learned and letting them shape you, but not control you. Many times in life we are afraid to use our own voices, and let the opinions of everyone else dictate what we say and how we act. Some people never stop having this mentality, and a part of them will always feel less than complete. Personal growth is evident in the song Dog Days Are Over by Florence + the Machine, the book Tuesdays with Morrie by Mitch Albom, and the Keynote Address 2012 presented by Neil
According to authors Kottler and Chen, domains for enhancing happiness are relationships, environment, physical state, productivity, recreation, and distressing emotions. In addition, strategies that are related to these enhancements of happiness are finding a romantic partner, securing reasonable physical and financial safety and comfort, periodically enjoying fine weather, living in a stimulating environment (based on one’s value), eating healthy, engaging in regular physical exercise, achieving success and approval at work that is interesting and challenging, working towards a coherent set of goals, making leisure activities a priority, diversifying one’s life with multiple interests, experimenting with new and exciting options, avoiding distressing situations when possible, focusing on the positive as much as one can and practicing compassion and empathy toward others.
Still, there are certain issues that remain unresolved in the domain of PE. First, the definitions of H&W are loosely defined hence resulting to the predicament of elastic concepts that can stretch to fit multiple meanings(Gilbert, 2009; Kahneman & Krueger, 2006). Second, the usage of these terms are becoming more of a buzzword to introduce and demonstrate PP benefits in spite of being the core of PE(Delle Fave, Brdar, Freire, Vella-Brodrick, & Wissing, 2011). It has been overused and misunderstood. Finally, happiness does not simply connotes to the explanation of smiley faces and the pursuit of pleasure to have meaning in lives which are also aspects of wellbeing(Grouden & Jose, 2015). This is problematic as it means life meaning activities
Life satisfaction can be defined as an individual 's judgement of wellbeing and quality of life based on their own chosen principles, considering past and future (Diener 1999). Seligman stated that happy people
Psychologists have not located assured causes that lead people to well-being. David G. Myers in his article “The Funds, Friends, and Faith of Happy People” published in the American Psychologist (2000) and Michael Wiederman in “Why It's So Hard to Be Happy” published in the Scientific American Mind (2007), discuss the reasons which lead people to be happy, and the factors which contribute to unhappiness.
The speech is aimed at highlighting the negative effects that excessive intake of alcohol and habitual alcoholism can have on the social aspects of a person and the health repercussions of the aforementioned behavior. The content of the speech is largely informative and in very small part persuasive for people to reconsider their drinking habits.
What is happiness or personal well-being? Happiness or well-being is uniquely defined for every person. It is what each of us aspires to have during our lives. Within The Great Escape, Angus Deaton shares his own metrics of well-being. He contends good health and sufficient wealth are keys to ensuring superior happiness in individuals. He believed that despite having varying definitions of well-being, these were the two core attributes that distinguished levels of happiness between individuals and even societies. While health and wealth are obviously quite different, they are equally important when it comes to achieving one’s personal aspirational definition of well-being. It is important to recognize that as an individual’s definition of well-being changes so may their perspective on health and wealth change as well.
Alcohol is present throughout society and everyday life. It is often referenced in the media, through songs, television, and movies. Unlike during the Prohibition Era, in today’s society, alcohol is typically viewed positively, due to the strong influence of commercials promoting alcohol. The positive advertisement of alcohol makes it intriguing and tempting. This intrigue, combined with the overall promotion of alcohol in today’s society, leads to adults and even teenagers becoming more adventurous with trying alcohol. One negative side of alcohol consumption, alcoholism, is not discussed as often. Alcoholism is a disorder that involves a person’s ability to control his or her alcohol consumption. Often, alcoholics suffer from over consumption of alcohol or a dependency on it. Alcoholism affects 17.6 million Americans, which is roughly “1 in every 12 adults” (Wilcox). There are many effects of alcoholism that involve more than just one person. Alcoholism affects the health, social interactions and relationships, and finance of its victim.