The Importance Of Public Budgeting

Under the NPM umbrella, public sector has also been experiencing a shift to greater competition. The need to remove monopoly of service delivery and create contestability, through privatization, public tendering, and term contracts, justifies the adoption of competition principle (Dunleavy 1994; Hood 1991). Insisting to do bureaucratic provision on public services instead of contracting them out, knowing that private sector can deliver them better, it is believed would only force governments to lose comparative advantages on price, efficiency, and effectiveness (Dunleavy 1994. p.49). This way, governments are able to fulfil their responsibility in providing services and the financing, while simultaneously stimulate greater competition among providers under market dynamics. However, it is hard to instigate public service ethos in private parties. Therefore, the capacity of private entities to act consistently with the public interest is greatly questioned in this scenario. Are concerns such as public health and safety, environment sustainability, and social equity likely to be sacrificed underneath market mechanisms? When power is shared with organizations which have business objectives apart from government’s goals, the fundamental issue is how to detect which missions they are carrying out. Many public services being delivered by third parties are targeted for vulnerable sections of the community which can pose a higher risk of potential abuse, neglect, exploitation, and

Budget preparation is a process with designated groups and individuals having defined responsibilities. According to Irene S. Rubin “ The public budget process mediates between organizations and individuals who want different things and determines who gets what out of the budget.”1The Government set up an annual budget that includes people perspectives, opinions , accountability and than determine how the budget will get divided based on protected interests. Moreover, Public budgeting determines how government spend money, provide necessary resources , and limit government expenditures to prevent overspending.

Budgeting is perhaps the most essential process involved in the United States government. While this process seems to exist only in the background, it is, in reality, what allows all other processes of government to function as they do. In order to satisfy the most necessities of modern society, changes must be made to each of the three major categories of the budget: the big five, the middle five, and the little guys.

“To budget is to fight over money and the things money buys” (Document A). The federal budget is adjusted every year and has to follow certain criteria set forward by the Preamble to the Constitution. The Preamble sets five goals that the budget must fulfill, these goals are: to establish justice, to insure domestic tranquility, to provide for the common defence, to promote the general welfare, and to secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our prosperity. Furthermore, it is difficult to decide what clusters of the federal budget to allocate money to in order to meet the five goals of the Preamble which are “The Big Five”, “The Middle Five”, and “The Little Guys.” In each of the three budget clusters,

A couple of large concerns always arise when discussing politics: the state of the Union, what the president is currently doing, and a few other topics. No topic, however, is as talked about in major concern than the federal budget. As tax payers, the American people always wishes to know where their tax dollars are going. The problem is that very few people actually know who sets the federal budget, and how much power this branch of government really has.

The federal budget is an annual plan created by the president of the United States that sets a certain amount of money to fund different federal expenses such as national defense, transportation, and income security, in fact; the federal expenses are divided into two categories, mandatory and discretionary spending. Mandatory spending is any expenditure that is required by legislation in which Medicare and Social Security are the main funded programs. In addition, discretionary spending is spending not mandatory but decided by congress based on appropriations in which it funds education, agriculture,and administration of justice, just to name a few. The federal budget is created using the constitution’s preamble as a guideline in order for

Federal spending is a controversial topic due especially to the growing budget deficit. Millions of American citizens pay taxes each year helping to fund the Federal Budget. Although American citizens’ tax dollars are spent by the Federal Budget, how the resources are divided and spent are not always a proper reflection of how society wants the resources to be allocated. In 2013, Washington spent nearly $3.5 trillion, while only collecting $2.8 in revenue, adding billions to the budget deficit. Where do these tax dollars go? Approximately, 23% was spent on health care such as Medicare, 22% on Social Security, 19% on national defense, 19% on

Americans are not unfamiliar with the concept of a budget, in fact, most follow a budget on an everyday basis, however, the topic of a public budget can be overwhelming to many them. Although many Americans might have a small concept of how the federal budget works, very few are familiar with their local budget process, and even less familiar to their adopted annual city budget. Every local budget is as unique as the cities who developed them. The following paper will summarize, evaluate, and compare El Paso Texas and San Diego California’s 2012 budgets. It will compare their revenues, expenditures, and budget format. It will attempt to analyze the similarities and differences and determine the causes of such similarities and differences.

The budget process is the most important aspect of fiscal decision making in Public Administration. Smith and Lynch (2004), argues that “Public budgeting is an activity that many people view from their own perspectives and, thus, they do not comprehend the full complexity of budgeting” (p. 34). Similar to the contextual definition of complexity in budgeting process, a classic example was the State of California’s budget impasse for the year 2010-2011. This essay examines and analyses the concerns that lead to passing a late budget in the State of California. It further goes into details regarding the reasons, resolutions, and consequences faced due to the budget Impasse.

The United States government has been designed by our founding fathers to ensure the legislative branch remains autonomous yet dependent part of the government branch structure itself. They kept in mind that the legislator’s actions will have an impact since they will be the one leading the legislative process. Now, in 2017 unlike any other places in the world, the legislators of the United States gets the authority to question and review the budget by moving way up from the policy making process. This division of the government plays many crucial roles and most importantly has the ability to influence the budget of this country proposed by the chief executive and in this case President of the United States. This paper on the legislative budget

The federal budget has three main categories which the US Treasury spends it’s money including mandatory spending, discretionary spending, and interest on debt. The discretionary and mandatory spending is what Congress most vigorously disputes and what ends up causing the most regret during each budget year for the President as tese expenditures “account for more than ninety percent on total federal spending”. Inevitably, certain expenditures end up being too meager or robust for certain causes and these truths only present themselves as the fiscal year progresses. Much to the dismay of presidents, their powers do not allow them to reappropriate spending as they are required by law to allow the federal government to spend the money as the congress negotiated and the president agreed to in their signature of the bill. Although an argument can be made against giving the President too much power, in light of yearly budget failures, the President should be allowed to renegotiate and amend the federal budget with Congress as the year plays out so the taxpayer's money is not wasted and our country does not fall deeper into

Political issues in the modern era are some part in everyone’s business. They affect us each individually, then as a country, and Americans have a special responsibility, being part of one of the most prosperous and happy nations on earth. Budget is a concept not often taken into full consideration by leaders in the government, even as we gain layers and layers of financial debt. Military expenditures exceed anything else when it comes to the use of the federal discretionary budget, and foreign affairs are certainly not a small part of citizens’ tax dollars at work. However, the real issue is not how much money is being spent, but the way it is spent. H h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h

In my opinion, the government should balance the budget. Ideally, government spending not exceed income rather than continue borrowing to balance the current budget. We all know that the economy is constantly changing and therefore the government can’t expect that the actions were carried out based on past situations, help balance the current budget or the current problems of the economy.

According to Professor Allen Schick, “In a fundamental sense, the government is what it spends” (Document A). There is a great deal of planning that goes into the federal budget each year, but yet it’s still not enough to satisfy every need. The truth is that however much money or planning that goes into the budget, people will still feel that we are spending too much in some areas and not enough in others. It is the government’s responsibility to put in place a budget that satisfies the needs of the people and follows the preamble to the Constitution. Many people believe that we are not “slicing the pie correctly” and that the budget needs to be looked over and revised. In each of the three budget clusters, the US government should make minor

A Report for the Honorable Mayor, City Council, & Board of Directors of an African Country