Inca Essay

The Inca were South American Indian people who ruled one of the largest and richest empires in the America's. The Inca Empire began to expand about 1438 and occupied a vast region that centered on the capital, Cusco, in southern Peru. The Empire extended more than 2,500 miles (4,020 kilometers) along the western coast of South America. It included parts of Present - Day Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina. The Inca Empire was conquered by Spanish Forces soon after their arrival in 1532.

lands and sometimes on building projects or in mining.” (World of the Inca). Thus the Inca expected

The Inca Empire, the massive nation that extended 2,500 miles along the western coast of South America and had a population of over 7 million at its peak. It included all of what is now Ecuador and Peru and most of Chile. Known as “The Children of the Sun”, they excelled at craftsmanship, weaving, and culture (“Children of the Sun”). A very religious people, they worshiped the Sun as their supreme god and held religious festivals monthly to appease these gods. Although they did not value it aside from its beautiful appearance, the Inca Empire was home to millions of pounds of solid gold and silver. The Inca had no use for it except to use it to craft decorations and statues. In fact, an Inca citizen valued cloth more than they valued gold

Incas divided conquered areas into the people, lands for the state, and lands for the sun. The

The economic characteristics of the government differed from how they collected revenue. So, the Inca government had a totalitarian complex government whether as Aztecs had a decentralized government that focused on expansion. In document 4, it explains how the Aztecs required conquered lands to pay a tribute. Aztecs would pay in goods and services rather than currency. From the source document 5 Pedro de Cieza de Léon describes the Inca rule, that there was a king or emperor, as well as representatives for each province. As for the aztecs as mentioning that they formed a triple alliance, they did not end up

There were several ancient civilizations that built their cultures around their geography. The Incas were among one of those ancient civilizations. They had amazing ingenuity to make use of their environment. The Incas built agriculture terraces and they had a complex irrigation system. And some crops that we use today. The physical environment of the Incas affected and shaped their civilization.

organized like a business with sets referred to as chapters or tribes with each reporting to an Inca,

1. Before Francisco Pizarro began the Spanish conquest in 1532, the Incan empire dominated the Andes Mountain region. An emperor who demanded strict obedience ruled the land. All business was run by the state, which could draft citizens for its projects. The Inca, terracing the landscape and irrigating the crops, farmed the mountainsides. The Inca were brilliant engineers, whose roadways included bridges. The city of Machu Picchu is an example of their skill with tools like the plumb bob and wooden roller, which they used for in heavy construction. Hundreds of years after their civilization was subdued by the Spanish, the descendants of the once-dominate Incas make up about 50 percent of Peru’s population.

The Incan society believed in ranks, topmost, including the royal family, the descendant kin of past rulers, the non-royal ethnic Incas, and the Incas by Privilege. Despite the elites prominence, peasant families who lived in towns and villages: farmers, herders, fishers and artisans, made up about 95-98 percent of the population. The Incas called their empire Tawatinsuyu, the “Land of the Four corners”, and its official language was Quechua”. By the time of the Spanish conquest, much of the Inca Empire was made up of numerous non-Inca groups.

Malpass, Michael A. Daily Life in the Inca Empire. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1996. Questia School. Web. https://www.questiaschool.com/read/99614614/daily-life-in-the-inca-empire

The title "Inca Empire" was given by the Spanish to a Quechuan-speaking Native American population that established a vast empire in the Andes Mountains of South America shortly before its conquest by Europeans. The ancestral roots of this empire began in the Cuzco valley of highland Peru around 1100 AD. The empire was relatively small until the imperialistic rule of emperor Pachacuti around 1438. Pachacuti began a systematic conquest of the surrounding cultures, eventually engulfing over a hundred different Indian nations within a 30-year period. This conquest gave rise to an empire that, at its zenith in the early 16th century; consisted of an estimated 10 million subjects living

The Incans had a very set social hierarchy in terms of roles. There was some social mobility, most times more than that of a European society. The social hierarchy was mainly focussed around families, which were known as 'ayllu' and were a single unit in Incan society. The head of the extended family was known as a 'curaca'. A way for curacas to increase their status was by having wives and more children and descendants.

The socialist way the Incas lived with the Inca people having no say to their life, and only living so they can have an “Average” life, and not face starvation. Many socialist countries are also only giving the same pay to everyone, meaning that only the top thrive. The others are only depending on the government. This could have also been used to make socialism or communism minus the atheistic belief .The Sapa Inca was said to have descended from the sun god. The Spanish thought that the sun god was disguised devil worship and tried to force them out which also made not many kings associate themselves with the gods, which meant the kings had to be real with the people, and be treated like only a ruling celebrity. The Incas wanted the people

Incan Social structure were divided into four levels, the highest being, Sapa Inca, which was the most powerful person in the empire. He served as the king of the Incas he people assumed to believe that he was the “son of the sun. “The Sapa Inca’s wife was called the “coya” which served as the queen of society. Next under the Sapa Inca, comes royalty, which are descendants of the leader. These were the only people in the entire empire that had a chance of becoming leader. The class of royalty basically consisted of only people related to the Sapa Inca. Under royalty were the nobility. These people were again related to the royal family but they were referred to as “royal panacas.” The two ways to being the nobility class were to be related

At its peak, the Inca Empire extended from current-day Quito in the north to current-day Santiago in the south, becoming the largest empire in the word at the time and remaining, to this day, the largest empire to have existed in the western hemisphere. The expansion of the empire came about quickly, with a single Inca credited with expanding the empire by 2,500 miles. It spread out 3,400 miles north to south, composed of about ten million subjects. Despite its large size, it had a smooth-running, complex system of administration. This raised the question that came to be known as the “Inca Paradox” — how could such an advanced and complex civilization not have had a writing system? Some scholars believe quipus, sets of knotted strings used by the Incas to record information, may provide the answer to this question. While the recording of numeral information by quipus has been widely accepted, and has so far not been contested, its possible recording of extra-numeral information has been the subject of debate. The theories concerning quipus center around the numeral versus the extra-numeral content of quipus and, more specifically in the latter category, whether they are a mnemonic device or an actual writing system. In this paper, I aim to analyze and compare the literary and archeological evidence used in support of different scholars’ theses as to the nature of the information contained in quipus.