Foundation Project – SAT0300
1. Introduction – History of the Robotic Arm
For my report, I will be reviewing the main contributing factors and innovations that have led from the invention of the robotic arm during the late 1950’s, all the way up to the 21th century implementation, that has led to the full-scale automation of many industrial jobs.
The first programmable robot, crudely named the ‘Unimate’ was created and designed by George Devol and Joseph Engelberger in 1956 (Rosen, 2011). The apparatus, although now seen to be very primitive, was revisionary at the time as it’s motors could reach an accuracy of 1/2500th of a centimetre. Devol simultaneously coined the term ‘Universal Automation’ (History of Industrial Robots, 2012).
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During 2004, Motoman continued making robotic arms, equipped with a touch screen display, capable of moving 38 axes.
Up until now, magnetic drums were used as the primary storage device for most of robotics. This changed however when the first minicomputer-controlled industrial robot, the T3 (The Tomorrow Tool), came to fruition (History of Industrial Robots, 2012). As there were less moving parts in the base, it allowed for a massive downsizing of the dimensions needed for such a machine.
1979 brought around the first ever electric, motor powered robots, making the previous hydraulic powered appliances eventually redundant. Soon after, Takeo Kanade built the direct drive arm. It was the first robot to have the motors installed directly into the joints of the arm, contained within the robot itself (Pasca, 2003). This made its movements faster and accurate than any other robot at the time. In 2010, Fanuc of Japan was the first company to launch a robot with “Adaptive iterative learning control”, meaning that it could react to the environment without any additional or preconditioned programming. This improved safety dramatically for the work force as the robot would be forced to stop its current job to prevent an accident from occurring (History of Industrial Robots, 2012).
2. Design
To start off with, we were tasked with planning and building a small robot arm, named the MeArm. We then had to think of 3 different potential projects,
Unimate was such a huge success that many European manufacturers, including BMW, Audi, and Volvo, developed their own Unimate like robots to produce parts for their vehicles. This shows how successful Unimate was and how effective it was, that it spread like a disease across the planet. The spread of Unimate and robots alike across the world increased automotive production and dramatically increased profits for automotive manufacturers. Similar to the U.S., a Japanese auto plant introduced robots into production and they had amazing success (Koshiro). Production in Japan was increased and their cars became cheaper for the American market and around the world. X Motor Co., the plant that used robots, experienced an output increase of 186 percent between 1970 and 1980. Humans are unable to match the speed and production of robots, making a robot for repetitive one task jobs the perfect fit. By using robots for tasks such as welding and carrying cumbersome car parts, production and efficiency is increased in every way. In the Address to the Nation on Labor Day, Richard Nixon spoke about technology in the workplace. Nixon stated, “you have the latest technology to help you do your job,” and that “investment in modern equipment will increase productivity” (Nixon). By applying this to the auto industry, robots being the latest technology are going to help workers complete their jobs. And when auto companies invest into new technologies to help
In the essay “Better than Human” Kevin Kelly states his thesis hat robots will someday replace humans in the work place. Kelly starts by explaining how the Industrial Revolution has changed the way manual labor is performed as a result of automation; replacing humans with machines. Kelly says that the increasing demand for automation, artificial intelligence has given machines the ability to manage tasks from “manual labor to knowledge work.” (300) Kelly then says that robots will begin to replace blue and white collar jobs such as, assembly, heavy lifting, analytical, and medical applications. Kelly explains the innovative breakthrough named Baxter, a robot typically made for industrial applications
In the past, robots were starting to come around in around the year 270 BCE. Based on the article, “Robots Long Ago”, by Karen Brinkmann, the article explains that “Every robot is a device that can carry out a complex series of actions automatically.” In other words, any object that functions actions automatically is basically a robot. On paragraph 2, it starts that “Around the year 270 BCE, a Greek scientist named Ctesibius dreamed of creating objects that would help people complete certain tasks.” he ended up, “inventing a clock that use mechanical technology to keep track of time.”
In her article “Are Humans Necessary”, Margaret Atwood stated lots of facts and concerns about robots in future.
The next big upgrade to the assembly line was in the decade of the War. This is when “robots” were first introduced to the assembly lines. This was developed by the vice president of manufacture, Delmar Harder. This was a chance to see what automation could possibly do for the line. These “robots” did not run purely by themselves, the workers still played a large role. With this new-found knowledge, Ford was able to open a self-regulating plant for sheet metal stamping.
How has it changed over time? The robot has changed in many ways. In the beginning (B.C) they had an idea about a machine that could help with labor. Then in 1495 Leonardo Da Vinci sketched a robotical night, later (400 years) robots started to be entertainment
As a matter of fact, with the gradual development of science and technology, robots have been widely used in people’s work and life. On the one hand, robots have brought a mass of convenience to people.
You can believe those who say robots will over run the world in the future, but robots have multiple purposes that can do everything and will benefit us. Therefore, robots will play a very important part in our future to do the impossible. Breakthroughs will come quickly for robotic innovations. Driverless cars and new space information may take decades to come, while other completely unexpected robotic applications could
By the turn of the century, Field of automation and robotics have seen a quick growth in each and every aspect whether it is a research or application. Due to this advancement, this field of study needs certain protocols.
Some very common robots are washers, dishwashers, automatic vacuums, and some voice activated devices. We have these robots to make everyday tasks easier, to do a better job, or to do something that humans could never do. The three main components of any given robot are the sensors, the actuators, and a computation process. The term ‘robot’ comes from the extravagant playwright by Karel Čapek who introduced the word in his hit play in the 1920’s,
Alternative 4 Robotic Technology and Labor Laws William and his peers should carefully identify a financial and nonfinancial advantage and disadvantages to introduce robotic technology and evaluate labor laws.They should make sure that their new idea/technology is not arising any legal problems they should take legal advice from a business
The industrial robots are applied in all branches of the industry. The highest level of application is in the automobile industry, but the number of installed robots is increasing in other industries as well (Karabegovic, Dolecec, Husak, 2011).
I was captivated in the world of automation and robotics during the industrial visit to Bosch, Bangalore-global supplier of automotive parts and Tractors and Farm Equipment Limited (TAFE), Bangalore-third largest tractor manufacturer in the world. I also underwent an industrial training program at SAIL-SCL Kerala Limited at Calicut for one month.
The term ‘automation’ was first introduced by D. S. Harder in 1936. He defined it as ‘the automatic handling of parts between progressive production process’ in relation to engineering industries. Since then the term has been applied to a wide variety of automatic machinery and automatic systems, and is commonly used to describe any operation in which there has been a substantial substitution of controlled action for human efforts or intelligence.
A hydraulic robotic arm, operating using water must be designed, built, and be tested in approximately two and a half weeks. The entire project consists of detailed design sketches with project notes, numbered parts made on a CAD program, bill of materials and a working prototype.