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The Landscape Of State Funded Higher Education

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INTRODUCTION
The landscape of state-funded higher education has become one of diminishing resources (Tinto, 2007). This trend which began within the last few decades has continued to the present time. Across the country, state legislatures have cut an average of 28% of its funding to state higher education since the great recession of 2008 after adjusting for inflation (Mitchell, Palacios, & Leachman, 2014). By virtue of their make-up, state intuitions of higher education still get the majority of their funding through state endowments, but revenue collection from students (mainly undergraduates) via tuition and fees, are becoming an increasingly important resource stream for fiscal solvency (York online textbook). According to a recent report, public four-year institutions spent an astounding $457 per student in recruiting affiliated expenditures. That is to say, every member from the freshman class of 2013 in the United States cost their respective schools nearly $500 to recruit them (Noel-Levitz, 2013). With universities investing such vast amounts of money, time, and effort; it is safe to assume that retention of these college freshmen is vital to their future fiscal health, and the ultimate goal (of both student and institution) of baccalaureate degree conferral.
The second component in analyzing the landscape of higher education is the make-up of modern student bodies. According to Complete College America, 75% of all students in college in 2011 were

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