The Main Causes and Some Effects of Ethnic and Racial Discrimination
Despite continued government, school, and media campaigns that celebrate diversity and criticize various types of appearance and culture-based prejudice, one of the main problems in the campus is still racial and ethnic discrimination. Discrimination can be as blatant as racial or ethnic slurs or as covert as the systematic hindrances to social, economic, and political opportunities, such as being denied of being part of an organization because of one’s ethnicity. Divisions across races and ethnicities run deep due to historical social beliefs and attitudes surrounding race and ethnicity, including physical characteristics, perceived attitudes of certain groups, as well as cultural beliefs and practices. While the causes of these forms of discrimination are numerous, the most common are lack of interaction across cultural groups, fear of differences, and racism; moreover, due to discrimination, the target groups may experience anxiety and fear.
Racial and ethnic discrimination can arise owing to non-existent or poor interactions between different groups that lead to misconceptions about each other’s cultural differences and neglect of crucial cultural similarities. Many people who discriminate have not even personally interacted with the targets of their hatred. If
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Negative emotions due to discrimination can have negative effects on school standing and socialization. As long as the roots of discrimination persist, many people will feel the brunt of being seen and treated as the inferior class, a condition that no one deserves. Being different should not be a cause for stigma but a reason to celebrate for being diverse is being human and we should celebrate all forms of
Different ethnic groups all go through racial prejudice with one another. As one particular group goes through being physically or verbally violated, so does other social
Prejudice can lead to many things. Hate crimes are something every individual has to be concerned with. Targets are not always based on race, but based on social class. Hate crimes are not always an uncontrollable or random act.
The fight against racial discrimination in the America has continued, it may be said that the struggle has become particularly difficult in the 21st century. The laws and policies claim that only few forms of discriminations remain, in reality, racial discrimination is still existent in the US, it has continued to hinder the enjoyment of fundamental human rights by many individuals who belong to the minor racial and ethnic groups (Alexander, 2013). According to studies, racism and racial discrimination have deeply and lastingly influenced
People have been stereotyped into a certain group because of their skin color or they have been discriminated against because of how they dress, their name, or even their hairstyle. Minorities such as African Americans deal with this type of racial discrimination every day because of their skin color and the way they might sound despite if they do not sound as the way they appear. For example, if an African American person walked into an interview dressed nicely and clean and a caucasian went in for an interview dressed just as nice and clean, the Caucasian application is more likely to get the job and receive a higher rating than the African American applicant. (Zimmerman) It might seem to the naked eye that minorities in general somewhat have the same opportunities as Caucasian people but in fact they do not really have them. All in all, there is still racial discrimination in America and African Americans do not have the same opportunities as Caucasians in housing, education, and jobs.
In the history of The United States, there has always been a history of discrimination that has come from many different areas by many different people that have led to violent discrimination acts to members of our society (Miller, 2003). These violent acts have been based on members of society bias views of others race, sex, disabilities, sexual preferences, and religion (Greenhouse, 1993). The members of these groups that have been discriminated upon are minority members of our society that have had to fight for their rightful place as a member of the American Society, and still, fight prejudice today.
The issue of race has always had a distinct influence throughout human history. The United States is no exception to the complexities surrounding race and social understanding and it has its own unique history of racial inequity, discrimination and other heinous atrocities. While the civil rights era helped defeat a lot of the most visible forms of racial impediments. The seemingly invisible forms of racial discrimination, like institutional racism is still a major problem in society. “Unlike in the pre–civil rights era, when racial prejudice and discrimination were overt and widespread, today discrimination is less readily identifiable, posing problems for social scientific conceptualization and measurement”. (Pager, 2008)
Multicultural discrimination is a set of unique experience of racial discrimination and prejudice due to having a mixed racial background. Viewed as a risk factor (Giamo, Schmitt, & Outten,2012), multiracial discrimination can include a wide range of stressful experiences from denial or rejection of their multiracial identity from strangers and family members (Shih & Sanchez,2005) to being teased or pressured to act or choose one of their racial backgrounds (Buckley & Carter, 2004). Qualitative studies illustrate how these unique racial stressors can often lead to feelings of hurt, anger, guilt, and shame (Buckley & Carter, 2004; son, 2012; Miville et al., 2005). Besides that, other impact of discrimination on individuals of multicultural backgrounds include experiencing unique forms of discrimination, being marginalized, claiming different identities, and feeling accepted and affirmed in multiple racial and cultural communities (de Anda & Riddel, 1991; Guevarra, 2012; Jackson, 2009, 2012; Miville, Constantine, Baysden, & So-Lloyd, 2005).
The continuous cycle of oppression of people thought of as “minorities” for their race, gender identity, or sexual orientation is an issue most Americans can acknowledge. Nevertheless, it remains an issue that often goes ignored is the internalized oppression many of these people face after growing up in a society that marginalizes them for existing. To illustrate this, Nubra Floyd, Michael Kimmel, and Regina Langhout discuss different groups of marginalized people in Group Development in a High School Adjustment Seminar, Identity and Achievement: A Depth Psychology Approach to Student Development, Masculinity as Homophobia, and Acts of Resistance: Student (In)visibility. Thus, we learn that from school to gender, despite the endless spectrum of variety, there is always at least one group of people marginalized for being different from the so-called norm.
In this day in age Racial stereotypes appear to be as rampant as they were in the early 200s. The discussion and debate about race can be a sensitive and difficult subject for most individuals. Living in America is tough as it is with all of the crisis’s and chaos taking place left and right. That matter of race is a crisis of its own so to speak. One cannot express themselves completely to the extent of his or her liking without being judged, labeled or categorized.
Oppression and discrimination has plagued our society since early times. As a collective society one would think that over time oppression and discrimination would turn into acceptance and equality. Conversely, our society has taken sluggish steps towards diversity, acceptance and equality. Our society is focused on labeling people and putting them into limiting boxes. Oppression occurs across various groups of people based on gender, sex, race, religion, and disability. Members of these diverse groups are discriminated among work places, schools, and other places. Work places and schools promote diversity and non-discrimination, however little seems to be practiced. Oppression across generation leaves damaging consequences hindering society in the growth towards a more accepting environment.
According to the textbook, "Racial and Ethnic Groups" (Fourteenth Edition) by Richard T. Schaefer described the ten areas in which we Americans discriminate based upon fourty-eight percent of one's race, twenty percent of one's sexual orientation, nineteenth percent of one's religion, eleven percent of one's ethnicity/national origin, and two percent of one's disability.
The main aim of this research paper is to directly observe and examine the way American College students perceive the notion of race on college campuses and how they believe it can be used to a persons advantage or disadvantage. I used two different kinds of research in this paper; interviews among 4 students from 4 different universities across the United States to provide a deep and personal understanding of the topic and by surveying in an open-ended questionnaire 10 American students from Auburn University in Alabama to provide a more general and statistical analysis. These two methods supported my thesis with strong evidence and background information. I found that all the interviewees unanimously believed in the figurative
Whether you believe it or not, racial discrimination is not a controversial matter of the past and has a profound impact on society. Nowadays we still inherit unconsciously misconceptions and prejudices that happen to be unnoticed in our day by day. Consequently, in order to raise awareness upon the connotation of this matter, we must educate people on behalf of assertiveness and comprehension. Therefore, it is remarkably important to acknowledge: the negative impact of racial discrimination on the individual and society, the necessity of derogating misconceptions and the values of cultural diversity.
Society has always retained deeply rooted stereotypes in all aspects of life. Whether it is prejudice due to color, creed, or gender, we cannot ignore the differential treatment of specific groups that occurs daily in our world. Although much has been done to alter our views on such matters, can we really suggest that society