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The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance Analysis

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John Ford’s The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (1962) centers around the story of infamous bandit Liberty Valance’s death. Ransom Stoddard (James Stewart) reveals the little known fact that it was not he, the new-to-the West lawyer, but Western gunslinger Tom Doniphon (John Wayne) who shot Valance. A newspaper editor decides to leave Ransom’s account unpublicized. He explains, “This is the West, sir. When the legend becomes fact, print the legend.” From a historical perspective, this statement can be read as exhibited awareness of the West’s mythification. In this essay, I will show how the film additionally less explicitly draws attention to the mythification of the West by representing elements of the West differently than how characters imagine them. Because the film’s narrative is conveyed as a frame tale, action takes place in two different time periods. The opening scene mainly consists of desolate land with mountains in the background. As train a train advances across the frame from right to left, it enters the foreground. The vehicle serves two functions. Firstly, it brings Ransom and his wife, Hallie, to the Western town of Shinbone so that they may attend Tom’s wake. Mourning Tom provides the basis for the framing narrative. Ransom initiates an embedded story, the tale of Liberty Valance’s downfall, while talking to reporters in Shinbone. The train’s second, more symbolic function is its role as a sign of modernity. As opposed to journeying by training in the

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