The Nervous System Of The Brain

The nervous system is made up of basic units called neurons. The main role of the neurons is to receive, integrate and transmit information throughout the body. There are some neuroglial cells found in nervous system aswell which provide support to the neurons by giving protection and nourishment Neurons have nerve processes that looks like finger like projections extended from the nerve cell body. They also contain axons and dendrites which enable them to transmit signals throughout the body. Normally, axon carry signals away from the cell body and dendrites carry signals toward the cell body according to Regina Bailey (2013). Neurons have three different shapes: bipolar, unipolar and multipolar where bipolar has two neuronal processes coming out of the cell body, unipolar has only one neuronal process coming out of the cell body and multipolar has many neuronal processes coming out of the cell body.

In the organization of the Human Nervous System it is divided into sections such as the sensory system, which gathers and process information from the surrounding environment: motor systems which responds from environment by sending signals and information to facilitate movement behavioral responses and the associational system which is a meditator from most multifaceted and least problematic brain functions. Within these different functions of the nervous system it is divided into two components where these functions can happen the central nervous system that comprises of brain and spinal cord and peripheral nervous system that embodies nerves and ganglia.

The nervous system is a chain of interconnected nerve fibers which is constructed by the central nervous system and Peripheral nervous system. The job of the nervous system is to send messages from the brain and spinal cord to different parts of the body.

Every behavior begins with biology. Our behaviors, as well as our thoughts and feelings, are produced by the actions of our brains, nerves, muscles, and glands. In this chapter we will begin our journey into the world of psychology by considering the biological makeup of the human being, including the most remarkable of human organs—the brain. We’ll consider the structure of the brain and also the methods that psychologists use to study the brain and to understand how it works.

There are two main divisions that comprise the nervous system: the central nervous system consisting of the brain and the spinal cord and the peripheral nervous system consisting of somatic and autonomic nervous systems (Kalat, 2013). The brain and the spinal cord make up the central nervous system and is responsible for the transmission of nervous impulses as well as receiving sensory information (Siegal, 1999). The peripheral nervous system, consisting of cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and peripheral ganglia, is responsible for transmitting information to the central nervous system as well as the rest of the body (Hubbard, 2013).

The CNS contains the brain and spinal cord. Its main functions include: processing, integrating, and coordinating sensory information and motor instructions. The sensory data conducts information that is being processed from internal and external conditions the body is experiencing. Motor commands regulate and control peripheral organs (skeletal muscles). The brain functions under memory, emotions, learning, and intelligence. The PNS consist of the neural tissue found outside of the CNS. It functions in sending data to the CNS which motor commands are than carried out to the peripheral tissues/systems. Multiple nerve fibers send sensory data and motor commands in the PNS. The nerves that assist with transmitting data include the cranial nerves and spinal nerve. However, the PNS can be divided into afferent (to bring in) and efferent (to bring out) divisions of transferring data. The afferent division functions in bringing in sensory data to the CNS. Sensory structures are receptors that detect internal/external environmental change and adjusting accordingly. The efferent division functions in carrying out motor commands from the CNS to glands, muscles, and adipose tissue. The efferent division contains somatic

Because the brain plays a big part in the nervous system, there is a lot not known about it. Many believe that it might have some relation to dreams and self conscious. But so far what we know is that the nervous system helps us communicate with the outside while controlling the insides of our body. The nervous system is important because it is connected to our entire body, keeping us alive.

It is well-known that the parahippocampal region is the central organization of neural processes for memory and learning. In this region, entorhinal cortex (EC) is an interface between hippocampus and neocortex, which largely transfers the information by spiny stellate cells (SCs). The electrophysiological properties of SCs are identified by 4-18 (Hz) STOs following subthreshold stimuli [1,2]. These STOs are believed to be important contributors to the hippocampal theta rhythm [3]. STOs are small-amplitude oscillations (maximum amplitude ~ 10 mV) of membrane potential that are closely related to the synchronous rhythmic activities in many neurons, which is associated with crucial functions of the nervous system, such as perception [4], learning

Whereas the spinal cord (often referred to as the brainstem) is the pathways that enables nerve impulses to reach their various destinations in the body. The central nervous system main function is to receive information from the different parts of the body, in which must be analysed and stored in order for it to send out instructions based on those pieces of information. The central nervous system’s main function is to coordinate the numerous organs and muscles required to perform the individual’s desired action(s) (Walker, 2005).

The human nervous system is composed of billions of neurons that respond to stimuli, conduct impulses, and communicate with other cells. Dendrites, a branched extension of a nerve cell, receives information from other neurons. The soma, or cell body, is responsible for whether or not the neuron sends out signals consisting of a short electrical pulse called an action potential, or spike. This spike is carried out by axons, delivering it to other neurons, and has a duration of a few milliseconds and an amplitude of 100 mV. A biological neuron model is a mathematical description of the properties of nerve cells that is designed to accurately describe and predict biological processes. One way to do so is by using the integrate-and-fire model which displays a trajectory of fluctuating potential versus time in the sub-threshold regime and outputs spikes that are triggered when the membrane potential reaches its threshold. Once this threshold is reached, the membrane potential is then reset, allowing the process to start again.

The central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system work together to collect information from within the body and from the environment outside it. The systems process all the collected information and send instructions to the body; to obtain an appropriate response. Once the data arrives, the brain will sort and file it before sending out any commands on what to do. The central system is the main command center of the body that contains the brain as well as the spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system contains a network of nerves that connect the rest of the body to the central nervous system.

The two components of the central nervous system (CNS) are the brain and the spinal cord. Communication between the brain and the spinal cord happens through motor neurons, which are nerve cells that enable motor movement. Each motor neuron is made up of a cell body, which holds all the cell components, dendrites which send information it receives to the cell body, and an axon which sends nerve impulses to the muscle (Porth & Matfin, 2009). As electrical impulses are sent through the motor neuron, it stimulates the muscle fibers in the body to move. This is the process in which motor function happens. Therefore, the basic abilities to breathe, speak, swallow, walk and button a shirt are

The human nervous system is divided into two parts, the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system, CNS, is just the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system, PNS, includes the nerves and neurons that extend outwards from CNS, to transmit information to your limbs and organs for example. Communication between your cells is extremely important, neurons are the messengers that relay information to and from your brain.

Mind modulation of the autonomic nervous system (Autonomic nervous system) is essential to how we live our daily lives. The reaction between our brain, brain stem, and different glands and nerves in our body is imperative to how we react to things or even go through daily routines. As usual with humans, we are not perfect and have issues such as “psychosomatic problems” which lead to unwanted responses to stimuli or stress (Rossi). The process in which the mind modulates the cells which produce these effects is broken down into three stages: mind generated thoughts and processes; the filtration of these impulses via state-dependent