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The Nickel Electrode Batteries Are Vulnerable

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The nickel electrode batteries are vulnerable to both reversible and irreversible degradation. The reversible degradation forms can be rectified by fully discharging the cell and then recharging it. The irreversible forms of degradation vary depending on the types of electrodes and the application of the battery. However, the irreversible forms of degradation are majorly linked to the number and depth of the discharge/recharge cycles and the operation temperatures. The primary causes of irreversible degradation include the decomposition of the organic material into the electrolyte, corrosion of the nickel electrode, dendrite formation on the surface of the negative electrolyte, electrode poisoning, and the failure of the gas barrier. Additionally, the nickel electrode batteries are vulnerable to “thermal runaway,” which can be described as a vicious cycle caused by heating and augmented discharge and voltage. The batteries are also susceptible to gassing, which can lead to the buildup of pressure in the cell that may lead to permanent battery damage. The batteries are also engrossed by a number of safety and environmental concerns because they are manufactured using an extremely toxic metal cadmium. However, the concerns have been lessened through regulation, keen monitoring during manufacturing, and elevated recycling efficiencies. Currently, there are three major categories of the nickel-cadmium and nickel-iron batteries; namely, vented sintered plate, pocket plate,
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