Introduction
In the past one hundred years, a large number of Bronze Age seal have continuously unearthed in the Gulf region. Through the excavation and research of these finds, archaeologists have found that these seals can reflect the economic, political and cultural development of the Gulf states in the Bronze Age. The Bronze Age is the time between Dark Millennium and the Iron Age, c. 3200 - 1300 BC, which, in archaeology, are usually divided into four periods:
1) Late Bronze Age (1600-1300 BC)
2) Wadi Suq (2000-1600 BC)
3) Umm al-Nar (2500-2000 BC)
4) Hafit (3200-2500 BC)
The Gulf region (Fig. 1), in this paper, mainly includes the Persian Gulf, including Dilmun, Mesopotamia, Magan, Elam, southeast Arabia and the associated Indus
…show more content…
In ancient times, the convenience of geography made communication possible which is undeniable, however, there are different opinions on the direction, intensity and breadth of the exchange. Examples of long-distance exchange in prehistory (Reade, 2008): Copal beads; Goat bones and Clove head.
The most significant exchange is economy including local trade and interregional trade. As Reade (2008) suggested above that the importance of the overland trade between east and west was equal to the maritime trade via Persian Gulf, nonetheless ships had dozens of advantages over caravan. While the most widely accepted view is the seafaring trade route is more important, especially for the trade exchange between Mesopotamia and Indus via Bahrain ().
From a political point of view, after comparing Dilmun seals and the contemporary royal cap of Mesopotamia, Højlund (2000) believe that the seal imitated the shape of the royal cap, and thereby it was endowed with the power of king and the authority of gods. Conversely, some other researches states that, as an example of Dilmun society, as a means of organizing trade and social management, seals are used by both individuals and officials (Larsen, 2010).
The Olympic games originated in Athens in 776 B.C. The more popular modern day Olympic games began nearly 2300 years later in 1896. The games no longer represented a religious festival, but a sports competition instead. The games can be studied via multiple aspects such as political, social, and economic, but this paper will concentrate on the economic aspect of the games and more specifically, the macroeconomic impacts the games possess.
Animals caused a noticeable increase in the use of trade routes. In the same way, both trade routes used animals as a link to international relations and transportation. For instance, Trans-Saharan animals opened up the chance for Berber traders to increase contact with Muslims, connecting West Africa with the rest of the Muslim believers. At the same time, the Silk Road animals allowed Southeast Asia to perfect cavalry warfare. However, each trade route had access to different animals. The
From 120 BCE to the 16th century, trade was a remarkable part of the Eastern Hemisphere. It played a vital role in the kingdoms and city-states that made up all of what the 21st century calls Europe, Asia, and Africa. Trade was critically important in this time period because of the diverse climate that was scattered all across the continent. Due to the climate, every location had different resources that were provided by nature. Without specific resources, specific goods could not be manufactured. Not only that, but since technology was not as advanced as it is now, specific products were not able to exist in areas. The only way to obtain those products was to trade. Two of the many routes that a merchant could use to trade were the Silk Road and the Sea Roads along the Indian Ocean. Of those two roads, the Indian trade route had the most positive impact around the world. It facilitated the trading of mass goods since rather than using animals to transport goods, they used boats. It also provided a type of wind known as Monsoon wind that merchants could benefit from. Finally, the Indian Ocean trade route stretched out at a greater distance than the silk road, which impacted the goods that could be traded. Overall, the Indian Ocean trade route had the best impact in the Eastern Hemisphere and even the world.
A formal analysis, contextualizing, and compare and contrast of the Egyptian sculpture of Isis nurturing Horus and the Byzantine icon, The Virgin of Vladimir
| * Trade was very international. * Silk roads linked Eurasia, and goods traded hands many times along the roads.
The Silk Road was an intricate and evolving network of overland trade routes that linked China, India, and western Eurasia for centuries. The trade route was key to the diffusion and transportation of technology, goods, religions, and language throughout Asia, the Mediterranean, Africa and southern Europe. As the strongest link between major population centers in the largest landmass on earth, the Silk Road was one of the most important of all long-distance trade routes in human history.
The first accounts of the Ancient Olympic games trace back to the year 776 BC. Held at Olympia, the games were thought to have been dedicated to the ‘Olympian gods’, Hera, Athena, Apollo and most prodimately, Zeus, the god of the sky and the ruler of the Olympian gods. Ancient myths associated with the beginning games stated that Zeus, the father of humanity, have fought and defeated Cronus in a battle for the throne of the gods. Others predicted demigod Herakles staged the games in Zeus’s honour, as he had assisted him in conquering Elis. Olympia, the site in which the games were held, was located in the Western part of the Peloponnese. The sacred area held numerous temples and sporting facilities, as the site was used for both the Ancient Olympic games
Trade routes(doc A) might have been the most important part of the quick spread of Islam because since they reached over from the arabian Peninsula to Asia in the east and Constantinople to the north. In this document it states that”....First it was at the crossroads of the lucrative(profitable) caravan trade.
Analyze the political changes in the Middle East from the Agricultural Revolution to 600 c.e.
Histories of the ancient world render an astonishing amount of contact between people of diverse ethnic groups whom inhabited towns, villages, and city-states. Written records, as well as archaeological evidence shows that much
It is commonly believed that the modern Olympics are similar to the Ancient Olympics, however, that is completely false the Ancient Games and modern games could not be more different. The Ancient Olympics were created in 776 BCE and the games were played in Olympia, the home of the gods. They were played in the honor of the gods and were experienced by many poets, artists, and important people (Jacobson). The modern games were invented along the ideals of the Ancient games, but none of the events, athletes, and how they were actually created even compared. The Ancient games were played for the gods, the athletes wanted to honor the gods with their athletic ability.
Many thousands of years ago, upon the earliest creations of civilization, there were two thriving civilizations. Both of which knew little to nothing about each other’s existence. In this ancient world, there was no connection of the two civilizations, no trade in commerce or culture. It was not until the second century BC that Europe and Eastern Asia interacted in a significant way. What is known as “The Silk Road” was established during the Han Dynasty of China, it was a network of trade routes that created a link between these two regions during this ancient world (ancient.eu). Though these routes have history prior to the Han Dynasty, this is when many historians see the routes in full practice. This time during the second century BC was crucial in the connection of these separately thriving civilizations, connecting them through commerce, religion, and exploration.
Although the original ancient Olympic Games can be traced back to 776 B.C, Homer’s Iliad indicates they may have existed as early as the twelfth century BC. The Games were then continued for twelve centuries and were devoted to Olympian deities. Olympia turned into the site of these memorable ancient Olympic games that scattered the seeds for the largest global sporting events of current times, the Modern Olympics. The location of the Ancient Olympics is situated in the western part of Peloponnese. The Ancient Olympic Games continued until 393 A.D when Emperor Theodosius I of Rome discontinued them. There were not any more Olympic games for fifteen hundred years before they were resurrected in 1896 in the city of Athens. The man in charge of the recreation of the Olympic games was a Frenchman named Baron Pierre de Coubertin, who introduced the thought in 1894. He proposed to stage the games in Paris in 1900 but representatives, from thirty-four nations were so captivated with the idea that they persuaded him to move the Games up to 1896 and have Athens serve as the host.
The large and under appreciated civilization of the Indus Valley reveals treasures and achievements of ancestors from our past. A seal from the Indus Valley has left historians and archeologists puzzled about its possible meanings. Archeologists believe the seal could represent a particular business, or even a prominent individual. The seals found could signify trade and commerce amongst villages, representing their leaders, a sacrificial ritual, or protection and procreation. In some ancient societies seals were used for printing an image on a document or product. In the Indus Valley the seals often have images of animals and some kind of title or inscription. Unfortunately the language written on these seals is still undeciphered. The specific
People have continued to settle on the shores of the Persian Gulf for over 7,000 years despite the fact that it is one of the harshest enviromental regions in the world. The Gulf lack of natural resources is compensated for by the wealth of fine pearls that can be found. However, the creation of artificial pearls forced many in the industry to go out of business. The region is now known most prominently for its production of oil.