The Paleozoic Era

The Jurassic Period is a time period were new dinosaurs were being discovered and found. It was about 199.6 to 145.5 million years ago. Some of the species that were found in the Jurassic Period are the Stegosaurus, Ceratosaurus, Brachiosaurus, and Allosaurus. Each dinosaur had their own characteristics for survival.

Fossils Tell of Long Ago uses accessible language and illustrations to aid all students in vocabulary and new concept growth. Explicit instructions, reading the book allowed to the class, and allowing conversation among individual students as they work through learning new words will aid ELL students in expanding their word knowledge. Furthermore, having ELL students translate new word to into their native language will help them activate their previous knowledge. Encouraging all students to be actively engage in learning words will ensure that ELL students and all students will gain knowledge and make connections to new words.

The Cambrian Period marks the beginning of the Paleozoic Era. This period gets its name from a place in Wales where the first examples of this type of ancient life was found. The period lasted for nearly 53 million years, from about 543 million years ago until 490 million years ago. The Cambrian Period marks an important point in the history of life on earth; it is the time when most of the major groups of animals first appear in the fossil record. This event is sometimes called the "Cambrian Explosion", because of the relatively short time over which this diversity of forms appears. It was once thought that the Cambrian rocks contained the

Human technology and social development fostered the rapid movement of people throughout the globe during the latter phases of the Paleolithic Era. Many developments allowed the early hunter-gathers to cope with various environmental pressures. The first development is fire which was the “advance” towards human technology. Fire was considered the most centered element in their culture. They formed the technique to preserve glowing embers and starting fires by rubbing sticks together. This technique led to many improvements in the Paleolithic people. It allowed people to eat much a wider range of food since they could now cook them. With fire, they could eat animals such as cow, goat, and chicken. Not only was fire used to cook meat, but it

Major Biological Event: Life evolved and diversified greatly during this Era, in an event called the Cambrian Explosion. Plants began to grow on the land and jawed fish began to appear. The first forests made of small trees and bushes forms, populated by insects, reptiles, amphibians. However, this Era ended with a max extinction in which 96% of the populus went extinct.

From the Paleo-Indian period came the Archaic Period. The archaic was from 8,000 to 2,000 B.C. The people in the Archaic period began to adapt to their environment. Whereas the paleo- Indians traveled in small groups the Archaic people started traveling in larger groups. The Archaic people also started developing new tools. They designed baskets and nets which helped them collect and store food. To a small degree they did small scale farming, but it was not a big production. They remained solely dependent on hunting and gathering food (Encyclopedia Britannica). It is important to note that the Archaic period is divided into three sections called Early, Middle, and Late. A couple of burial mounds from the Archaic period were discovered. The

Stromatolite forms and is the first organisms on the earth they were formed by very thin layers of single-celled organisms.

During the Pre-Cambrian era specifically the Proterozoic periods’ there was numerous orogenic events that were crucial in shaping the Pre-Cambrian craton. The first major orogenic event in the early part of the Proterozoic was the Penokean orogeny, which is shown in the record by major deformations and some high-grade metamorphic rocks, and it also includes some igneous rocks in the form of intrusions. These were followed by andesitic volcanism over the entire region, and the appearance of granite. Next, there was some low-grade metamorphism and the appearances of plutons over the area in the Middle Proterozoic. Rocks that were involved with the Penokean orogenic event are shown in the Superior province on top of the basement rock, and they

The Cro-magnon people lived about 100,000 to 10,000 years ago. The average temperature -2 degrees celsius (28.4 degrees Fahrenheit).The temperature sometimes reached lows of -4 or highs of 4 degrees celsius (24.8 or 39.2 degrees Fahrenheit). They lived in the epoch known as the Pleistocene epoch. The Pleistocene epoch was the first epoch occurred in the Quaternary period and the sixth epoch in the Cenozoic era.The Cenozoic era occurred during the Phanerozoic eon (the current eon). This epoch is best known as the “last ice age” and it lasted from 2.2 million to 11,000 years ago. The “last ice age” began its climate decrease at the start of the Pleistocene epoch (2.2 million years ago) and reached its peak about 20,000

Amongst all of the biological events in history, the Cambrian explosion was one of the most spectacular because it gave rise to a vast majority of different animals. This event occurred at the beginning of the Paleozoic era. The Explosion is said to have occurred between 540- 542 million years ago. This event is termed as an explosion because of the gigantic outburst of different species. The radiation brought about diversity, which is an important factor and advantage in the ecosystem, environmental changes and emergence of animal phyla in the fossil records.

Purpose of the Website and Map: The purpose of this website is to catalog articles, documents, and dissertation published by the faculty of the UMN. This site has official, reviewed data collected by professionals in their area of expertise which makes it a reliable source of information. Even though the website is open to the public, much of the language used in the papers is highly academic and technical which would be more suited to an advanced audience or fellow researchers in the field. The map shows the bedrock distribution and type throughout the state, specifically focusing on the Precambrian and Phanerozoic eras. Some of the data is inferred from previous maps with the inclusion of newly discovered types that are indicated as

“The Tertiary Period began 65 million years ago and ended just 1.8 million years ago. It was made up of 5 different epochs.” “Paleocene epoch that was 65 to 54 million years ago.” “ Eocene epoch that was 54 to 38 million years ago.” “ Oligocene epoch 38 to 24 million years ago.” “ Miocene epoch 24 to 5 million years ago.” “Pliocene epoch 5 to 1.8 million years ago.”

As, the director, of the natural history museum I have created a display dedicated to the Paleozoic time period. In order to boost the attendance, I have designed an interactive set of exhibits and displays for the Paleozoic Era. Guest will enter the museum together in a main room once everyone was seated you would turn down the lights and with a 3 - D show the beginning of the era which was the breakup of one supercontinent and the formation of another. A speaker will explain how the Paleozoic Era was from about 542 million years ago to 251 million years ago, and was a time of great change. That as things began to change plants became widespread, and the first vertebrate animals colonized the lands. It would then show how the supercontinent divided and briefly cover each time period within the Paleozoic Era. Until the show ended with showing the ice age extinction. This will give them the background necessary for each room after which has displays for each period within the Paleozoic era. There would be

Jurassic is a period of time with Dinosaurs, rodents and birds. There were also island seas consisting of sharks, sea monsters and blood-red planktons. The existing plants in that period were cycads, ferns and conifers. The Mesozoic era was about 245 million years ago to 65 years ago, so it almost lasted about 180 years in total. The Mesozoic era is divided into three periods of Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous. Mesozoic era means middle animals and it is the era, which the word’s fauna has changed from what is in the Paleozoic era and the most famous organisms of this era are dinosaurs. In the Mesozoic era, the extinction of more than 90 percent of species in the earth was observed and the reason behind it was mostly volcanic eruptions and climate changes. On the other hand, this era had massive changes that represented ecological niches and rise to new creatures such as rodent-size mammals and first dinosaurs. In Triassic, which was the first period of Mesozoic, the mammals and first dinosaurs existed. Later than that, the second period was Jurassic, which giant shaped dinosaurs and other kinds of dinosaurs were developed. Besides that the first flowering plants and primitive birds, with long teeth appeared in that era as well.

These techniques led to the discovery of the boundary between the two eras. A single thin layer of clay found within predominantly limestone rocks established this. By comparing the marine life found in, above, and below the clay, the marine life, like the dinosaurs, had been terribly affected by the extinction event. The percentage of life in the upper layers was dramatically lower than that in the lower. This was far more compelling than what was suggested by dinosaur’s fossils.