The Planet Mars In 1659 By Christian Huygens

The planet Mars is a red plant that is found in the Solar System in the Milky Way Galaxy one planets farther from the sun than Earth. The planet Mars has a very thin atmosphere full of primarily carbon dioxide. The surface of Mars is very dusty and rocky because of volcanoes. The geology of Mars is different from Earth in many ways including the amount of volcanoes, mountains, valleys, and internal makeup.

Mars is a rocky body about half the size of Earth. Like Earth, Mars experiences seasons because of the tilt of its rotational axis, so its distance to the sun changes, according to NASA (n.d.). Telescope observations show water-iced clouds, polar ice, and volcanoes. Mars has the largest Volcanic Mountain in the solar system, named the Olympus Mons and has two moons in its orbit.

Sandro Botticelli’s Venus and Mars is a tempera and oil painting on poplar panel, illustrating a scene from the classical mythology story of Venus and Mars, who are engaging in a love affair with each other. The painting was made during the Renaissance, around 1485. It’s dimensions are 69.2 × 173.4 cm and it is currently located at The National Gallery in London, room 58 (Nationalgallery.org.uk, n.d.)

This piece is called, Mars Venus and Vulcan: The Forge of Vulcan, it is an oil canvas done by John Singleton Copley, done in 1754. The era that this piece most represents is the Eighteenth- and early nineteenth-centuries of art in Europe and North America. This is because of the brief use of nudity and the use of children that are shown as little angels. The artist also used a sense of time and motion. It is as if the figures in the piece are moving themselves. The use of 3-D and kinetics allows this sense of movement in this piece. Also the artist used repetition and rhythm. The viewer’s eye is constantly moving because of this sense of repetition and rhythm

Much to common disbelief, Mars and Earth have many things in common. Some of these factors include similarities in size, inclination, structure, composition and the presence of water on their surfaces (Universe Today, 2016). Mars is the next closest planet to Earth. It withholds all necessary elements needed for life to exist. These include water, carbon dioxide (CO₂) and nitrogen (HowStuffWorks, 2017). There are also unbelievable similarities between Mars’ atmosphere and the Earth’s atmosphere from billions of years ago. Like Mars, when the Earth was first formed it had no oxygen and its atmosphere was comprised of carbon dioxide and nitrogen. Earth was not able to produce oxygen until photosynthetic bacteria developed (HowStuffWorks, 2017). Mars’ atmosphere consists of 95.3% carbon dioxide, 2.7% nitrogen, 1.6% argon and 0.2% oxygen.

Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet in the Solar System.

Mars, the fourth planet from the Sun, has a reddish surface geology resembling blood. This is where it gets the name given to it, which comes from the Roman God of War. It's orbital rotation cycle is once every 24.6 hours - nearly identical to one day on Earth. Also similar to Earth, the equator of Mars leans to one side. As it orbits the Sun, therefore, Mars experiences the same day and night cycles as does planet

Physical characteristics of the Mars is half the diameter of the Earth, less dense than Earth. Mars' rotational period is similar to the Earth rotation. Another interesting facts about Mars is that, it has two Moons which are Deimos and Phobos. Deimos and Phobos are small and irregular shape. Also, Mars have largest volcano and second highest known mountain and largest canyon in the Solar System. Largest volcano and highest mountain is Olympus Mons, it has a height of 25 km and it is three times as tall as Mount Everest. Largest canyon is Valles Marineris is more than 4000 km long , 200 km wide, and up to 7 km deep. It is located along the equator of the Mars. Second interesting facts about the Mars except the similarities to the Earth, is the findings on the

Mars is an interesting and mysterious planet. It is often referred to as the Red Planet. The Romans named Mars after the god of war. The rocks, soil, and sky all have a red hue on account of rust. Mars is the fourth planet from the sun at about 141 million miles (228 million kilometers) and the last terrestrial planet from the Sun. Mars follows closely behind Earth but is comparatively smaller, with about half the diameter of Earth (6,794-km) and about one-tenth of Earth s mass (6.419 x 1023 kg). Thus the force of gravity on Mars is about one-third of that on Earth. Mars is probably the planet we know the most about since it is so close to Earth, though what we know now is not even close to everything about the planet. Over

Mercury, named after the Roman God of Thievery, Commerce, and Travel, is the first planet from the Sun. It is unique because it shows at both morning rise and evening set of the sun. It is rocky, heavily cratered, covered in boulders, and also pulverized dust. The majority of it's surface bears a strong resemblance to that of Earth's moon. It's lack of atmosphere causes wild temperature fluctuations. Temperatures can range from 90 kelvin to 700 kelvin thus creating a planet, from all observations, that cannot sustain life--it is geologically dead. Mercury also has a magnetic field generated by the planet's core that can deflect solar wind and which has a magnetosphere that changes. This was surprising for such a slow rotating planet--one that rotates completely every 88 Earth days.

This was only the start of this international debate, Le Verrier had contacted the London Guardian, a local news group, about the accusations and stated that, “When he scrupled not to put into print that my calculations were not sufficient to command his confidence, did he not perceive that he was bringing discredit on his own scientific penetration, when he attacked a calculation … Among men of science of different countries, there ought to remain only that friendly rivalry, which, as leading to the benefit of science, so far from hindering, does but cement, the frank and brotherly friendship of those who cultivate it.” (Le Verrier, 1846a). To this, Herschel had responded saying that, “The prize (the discovery of Neptune) was by all rules accredited to Le Verrier since his research was documented and brought to light before Adams discovery”. Almost seeming to assure the people of France that Le Verrier was sure to be given credit to the discovery, however Herschel meant nothing of the sort. He himself wrote directly to the editor of The Guardian stating, “These Frenchmen fly at one like wildcats.” (Herschel, 1846a).

For this project I chose the smallest of Mars’s two moons, Deimos. It was discovered on August 11, 1877, although could have been around a lot longer but the planet’s glare kept both moons hidden from discovery. Deimos and Phobos were both named after Greek god sons, as were most planets and their moons in our solar system. Deimos is lumpy and potato- like in shape, only being about 7.8 miles in diameter.

The third closest planet to the sun is Earth, and has a distance of about 93 million miles from the sun. Earths radius is 3,959 miles, just a few hundred miles more than Venus, but Earth rotates every 23.9 hours which makes a day 24 hours long. Since Earth makes one full orbit around the sun in 365.25 days this usually makes our year only 365 days, but every four years we have a leap year where one year is 366 days long. Earth also has volcanoes, mountains, and valleys, but 70% of Earth’s surface is water found mainly in the five Oceans. The fourth planet is Mars and it is about half the size of Earth. Mars has volcanoes, craters, and dust storms that change the way Mars looks. Mars has two small planets

This leads me to the obvious contrast in terms of the treatment and view of women in terms of Catholicism in that women were seen as the “cause of humanity’s downfall” as well as a means of redemption with Mary as Christ’s mother (Goffen 1). Eve is condemned and Mary is described as “highly favored” (Luke 1:28). This leads many to wonder which depiction of the woman is correct, which is most common, and whether or not there is a medium between that of praise and condemnation. These must have been some of the questions many artists struggled with answering when depicting women in their art since they must simultaneously grapple with this dichotomous view of them.

Jupiter Aus Die Planeten Op. 32 composed by Gustav Holst is a very powerful composition. This piece is consisted of woodwinds, brass, percussion and strings. The Planets transport listeners into a universe of mystery and fascination. As it starts it makes people think of every space based show they have ever watched. The experience is like going through space on a spaceship in shows like Star Wars and star trek. It as the song progressed it felt as though there was a battle in space. Listening to The Planets while in the dark illuminates the mind to the sun, asteroids, planets, moons and other stars. I can see asteroids flying by me as I close my eyes and try to imagine.