Make sure to elaborate on the victimization of the study
LITERATURE REVIEW
The Plight Of Minority Battered Women
The issues of domestic violence, focusing primarily on black ethnic minority women . To be able to understand the problem of domestic violence, it is vital to recognize that violence toward women is an international reality which has been recognized as a major public health issue (Shipway 2004). According to Shipway 2004, the acknowledgment of domestic violence internationally as a major public health has seen a readjustment in numbers in many areas that are dealing with domestic violence, but there are still some areas where little if anything is done to support women abused by intimate partners. The issues have increased where minority women have been lumped into one category and not considering their different cultural and religious differences.
It has been said that obtaining data on African American minority women housing needs is hard. (Netto et al., 2001) reported that there was national evidence that people from the black ethnic minority with including immigrants find it very burdensome to access services.
Domestic violence influence women from all ethnic groups, African American women minority, appeared to be isolated more that women from the majority.
According to Women’s Aid 2010, there are claims that "African American minority communities may have to conquer religious and cultural pressure resulting in them being afraid of bringing shame onto
Statistic’s have suggested violence is perpetrated against women in almost half of all marriages (Domestic Violence).Statistic’s gathered from 1994 indicate domestic violence causes almost 100,000 days of hospitalization, 30,000 emergency room visits, 40,000 trips to the doctor every year, and 50% of all homeless woman and their children are fleeing domestic violence( Domestic Violence).
Nowadays, domestic violence is still an issue that affects women not only in the United States but all around the world.
This is because the bodies tasked with creating awareness will adequately inform the victims, perpetrators, as well as the general public on the identification and effects of domestic violence, and the prevention strategies of domestic violence between intimate partners. At the same time, it will be instrumental in pooling together affirmative actions that are necessary in reducing any further occurrences of domestic violence between intimate partners. Domestic Violence especially between intimate partners is linked to a multitude of negative social and health outcomes. When it comes to this type of domestic violence, women are more affected than men. As such, it is women that report more severe injuries as a result of the violence they face. The cycle of domestic violence between intimate partners describes a pattern of recurring violence, as well as the tendency for violence to keep escalating over time. Therefore, one of the most unwanted effects of domestic violence is homicide. Women are more likely to seek support whenever they experience violence. However, this is not always possible because such women are faced with various barriers when accessing services, which ultimately affect their decisions to remain or leave an abusive relationship. Such barriers include stigma, racism, as well as gender discrimination that further limit their access to numerous services and compromise their health and
Domestic violence occurs in epidemic proportions, impacting an estimated 6.2 million American women every year, and causing more
Domestic violence, alternatively referred to as Intimate Partner Violence, is defined by the Department of Justice as “a pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship that is used by one partner to gain or maintain power and control over another intimate partner.” While domestic violence is commonly thought of as only physical or sexual abuse, domestic violence can also be emotional, economic, or psychological. Domestic violence has remained constant in society throughout history, even though over time society’s response to the issue has changed. While domestic violence affects everyone regardless of race, gender, age, etc. it is estimated that approximately 90% of all victims are women. For the purpose of this paper, I will be focusing on
In terms of the topic of domestic violence, the issue can occur to any person, regardless of gender, racial ethnicity, socioeconomic background, etc. Yet, there are certain individuals in the population that are more susceptible to intimate partner violence, particularly minority women. For Black and Hispanic women, there have been little studies regarding their response to violent relationships, with a majority of studies being geared toward Caucasian females. Along with being more susceptible to domestic violence, minority women experiencing varying cultural beliefs and values that can determine whether they decide to leave or stay in an abusive relationship. In study conducted by Lacey (2010), she found out that “marital status, presence
This began to change in the 1980s, as women’s groups were organized locally and internationally to demand attention to the physical, psychological, and economic abuse of women (p.369-370). Domestic violence is a serious social issue that happens to many women in our world today. This type of abuse is not declining but continually rising on a daily basis. There have been issues in the past with the way these cases were being handled. Today, there has been some improvement concerning the laws that have been enforced in order to protect women from this type of abuse. There has been extensive research done on this issue in the past concerning domestic violence. Over the last ten years there have been a number of surveys on domestic violence that have been published from around the world.
The sample does not include women who left and did not return to their abusive partners, nor does it include victims of dating violence. Women of color included those participants who self-identified as Hispanic, Black/African American, Asian/Pacific Islander, American Indian/Alaskan Native, and mixed race.
Domestic violence exists everywhere and affects all people regardless of socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, sex, ethnicity, or religion. Most times physical violence is accompanied by emotional abuse and controlling behaviors. The result of domestic violence includes physical injury, psychological issues, and death. Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) occurs in 1 of 4 women in the United States and can be correlated with a loss of emotional, social, physical and mental health. Intimate Partner Violence is an issue that does not receive a lot of recognition and is overlooked majority of the time. There is a lot of information on women in intimate partner violence relationships that explains how it affects women physically, mentally, and socially.
Historically, lower-income black women have experienced intimate partner violence at a higher rate than any other racial or ethnic group in the United States. Very little of the research on intimate partner violence addresses the cultural and structural factors that influence black women’s experience of domestic violence (Taft et al. 2008). The most recent statistical survey of intimate partner violence in the United States was the National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey conducted in 2011; previously, the most recent was the National Violence against Women Survey conducted during 1995-1996 (Breiding et al., 2014). The Center for Disease Control (CDC) offers four categories of intimate partner violence: sexual violence, physical violence, stalking, and psychological aggression (Breiding et al., 2014). Although domestic violence occurs among all races and ethnicities and socio-economic classes, it is particularly important to explore black women’s differential experience of intimate partner violence because black women are experiencing a disparity.
Domestic Violence (DV) is a critical social issue that negatively impacts not only our own culture in America but as well as all other cultures around the world. Domestic Violence is a global issue reaching across national boundaries as well as socio-economic, cultural, racial and class distinctions (Kaur & Garg 2008). Domestic Violence is a serious problem that can be seen around every society from families of both developed and underdeveloped countries and of different backgrounds. Although there are various cases of domestic violence against men, children and the elderly; women account for the majority percentage of victims of Domestic Violence. This violence can take the form of physical assault, psychological abuse, financial abuse or sexual assault (Kaur & Garg 2008). Domestic Violence is a trend that is on the rise and will continue to plague our society if nothing is done on time to address this social issue.
(African American, Hispanic and African) House are both poorer and more likely to be renters than white households” Howard Karger and David Stoez(2013).
African American women are expected to be the emotional backbone of their family but with domestic abuse involved, this can destroy a African American woman's state of mind and sense of reality. An African American woman is represented in society as aggressive and unyielding and expected to be strong by not claiming the role of the victim. With this label, A African American women can ignore and hide their feelings mentally. The problems arise with domestic
Women between the age of 18-24 and African-American are more likely to experience domestic violence than any other group.
Domestic violence, also more known as Intimate Partner Violence, affects individuals in all social classes and racial/ethnic groups is a statement that has been said and taught over again for many years. Yes that statement above holds logic and truth, but there is also an inverse relationship to it. One of the most consistent findings from research is a strong inverse relationship between social class and intimate partner violence (Renzetti, 2009). In other words, as social class status goes up, cases of domestic violence goes down, and vice versa for lower social classes. Analyses of large, national surveys, for example, show that women living in households with the lowest annual incomes were five times more likely to have experienced