Intimate Partner Violence Sociology

Intimate partner violence is a dangerous and frightening issue threatening women worldwide. Intimate partner violence, also known as domestic violence, describes a cycle of abuse that involves either actual or threatened physical, sexual, psychological or emotional violence performed on someone by a spouse, boyfriend or girlfriend, or significant other (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Although it is not often discussed, intimate partner abuse is an incredibly common public health problem. In fact, it is one of the most common forms of violence facing women of all ages, ethnicities, and socioeconomic backgrounds, in which more than four million women in the United States experience abuse from a partner each year (Office on Women’s

In 2007, domestic violence resulted in 2,340 deaths in the United States, and 70% of those killed were female (CDC, 2012). Each year in the United States, one in four women are victims of intimate partner violence (Stahly, 2008) and the U.S. Department of Justice has estimated that this number could be doubled as it only represents the women who repot abuse to the police.

Domestic violence exists everywhere and affects all people regardless of socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, sex, ethnicity, or religion. Most times physical violence is accompanied by emotional abuse and controlling behaviors. The result of domestic violence includes physical injury, psychological issues, and death. Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) occurs in 1 of 4 women in the United States and can be correlated with a loss of emotional, social, physical and mental health. Intimate Partner Violence is an issue that does not receive a lot of recognition and is overlooked majority of the time. There is a lot of information on women in intimate partner violence relationships that explains how it affects women physically, mentally, and socially.

This section will discuss the topic intimate partner violence against women as discussed by other scholars and authors. Various books will be analyzed to understand the topic better. The section will also explain the main issues independently analyzing different literature and will also discuss the similarities and differences. The issue has emanated a lot of public concern as more young women continue to suffer in silence with the fear of speaking out against their partners. Some women, however, are courageous and have opted to speak about the issue in public without fear of being judged or criticized. Careful analysis of the different books will help to determine the different perspectives that different authors understand

Intimate partner violence can affect many individuals who are victims of abuse, and those who witness the abuse, especially children. No individual should fall victim of physical, psychological, emotional, and sexual abuse from a current or former partner. On account of intimate partner violence, there should be awareness to others that things need to be done to put an end to abuse caused to women. The act of bringing awareness is needed, because it would “target community attitudes about IPV, increase opportunities for victim assistance through direct and indirect services, and increase accountability for perpetrators” (Klevens, Baker, Shelly, & Ingram, 2008, pg. 347). Women who are victims of intimate partner violence deserve all the help

Historically, lower-income black women have experienced intimate partner violence at a higher rate than any other racial or ethnic group in the United States. Very little of the research on intimate partner violence addresses the cultural and structural factors that influence black women’s experience of domestic violence (Taft et al. 2008). The most recent statistical survey of intimate partner violence in the United States was the National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey conducted in 2011; previously, the most recent was the National Violence against Women Survey conducted during 1995-1996 (Breiding et al., 2014). The Center for Disease Control (CDC) offers four categories of intimate partner violence: sexual violence, physical violence, stalking, and psychological aggression (Breiding et al., 2014). Although domestic violence occurs among all races and ethnicities and socio-economic classes, it is particularly important to explore black women’s differential experience of intimate partner violence because black women are experiencing a disparity.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is defined as sexual, physical or psychological abuse by a current or past spouse or partner and is one of the largest public issues the Unites States faces today. It is estimated that roughly 15.5 million children live in a household effected by IPV in the United States (Gustafsson, Coffman, Cox 2014). Children who are effected by IPV are more likely to have behavioral issues along with their development being negatively impacted (O'Campo, Caughy, Nettles 2010). It is important to research IPV to see how it can be minimized as much as possible along with seeing how people are effected by IPV.

From a theoretical perspective the explanation of violence against women has been underreported for years. The idea of violence against women had become a major societal issue. Intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy has also became a major issue in the United States, estimates that 3 percent to 17 percent of women experience violence during prenatal stage. Social justice and advocacy practice is important in efforts to combat the discrepancy in services with our clients. Legislative advocacy is imperative and time-consuming endeavors that have incredible potential for aiding clients. Two articles I will discuss scrutinize the scope of social services provided for women who are victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) and provide

It is believed that a large part of the population is in risk of this type of victimization (Giardino, 2010). With the health care community taking more interest in this issue, new screening tools have been developed to guide in the victim’s safety and find a way for them to leave the relationship (Giardino, 2010). In addition, intervention programs have been developed for the purpose of decreasing the risk of perpetrators from re-offending. There is an estimated 5.3 million IPV cases among woman that have occurred each year in the United States (Giardino, 2010). Two million have resulted in injuries and 1,300 deaths. It is more common for females to be victims of IPV but there has been cases where the victims are male or transgender. They are either married or single, involved in a heterosexual or same-sex relationship, and are members of any ethnic or socioeconomic group (Giardino, 2010). The myth of victims being poor, uneducated women is false. There is controversy in regards to the race and economic status of victims of intimate partner violence. There is no relationship between IPV and race, economic status, or educational level (Giardino, 2010). According to the National Violence against Women (NVAW), the ethnic groups of women most affected by IPV are American Indian, Alaskan Native, African American, and Hispanics

Consequently, the exposure of pornography can influence intimate partner sexual violence and forced sexual relations, especially among the females who are exceptionally vulnerable. In recent years, the focus on intimate partner sexual violence has been on the rise and its operationalization along with its association with negative repercussions. In particular, a study of 87 female victims reported that the presence of pornography is associated with the sadistic rapes from a sample of intimate partner sexual violence. With reports stating that 14% of individuals were forced by partners to watch pornography and attempt to re-enact such behaviors and acts (Moreau et al. 224). Which is directly an effect of sexual scripts provided by pornography.

In the United States, approximately 1.5 million women report some form of intimate partner violence (IPV) each year and of those an estimated 324,000 are pregnant (Deshpande & Lewis-O'Connor, 2013). According to Deshpande and Lewis-O’Connor (2013), IPV is defined as abuse that may be actual or threatened by an intimate partner that can be physical, sexual, psychological, or emotional in nature. It is important for health care providers to realize IPV does not only include physical or sexual abuse but also includes name calling, financial control, constant criticism, and isolating women away from their families and friends (Deshpande & Lewis-O'Connor, 2013; Smith, 2008). There are 3 phases of abuse tension building

Social class plays a key role in everyday life of millions around the world. So it is clear that social class would play a role in domestic violence. Knowing that domestic violence knows no boundaries it is correct to say that wealth does not protect against violence. In the article Economic stress and Domestic Violence by Claire M. Renzetti from the National Online Resource Center on Violence against Women, they bring social class and domestic violence into clear view. One discussion in the article which we have to take into account when looking at social class and domestic violence is well put when she stats “the data we have about domestic violence comes from samples to which researchers have greatest access, such as individuals who use social services and these individuals are more likely to have low incomes” (Renzetti, 2009). With this in mind it is clear to see why there are so many articles on low income violence. As she states from a study done by Benson and Fox (2003) from analyzing data from the National Survey of Household and Families, the family income increases the likelihood of domestic violence decrease. It is becoming clearer that even though we know that domestic

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is described a psychological, emotional, sexual or physical harm to a person by their spouse or former partner (Breiding et al, 2015). National reports have revealed that about one in three women experience IPV (Sharron et al, 2015). Intimate partner violence is a growing epidemic in the United States. However, recent studies have focused on rural regions, such as Appalachia.

1) What is Domestic violence? According to http://www.stopvaw.org/what_is_domestic_violence2 domestic violence is a pattern of abusive and threatening behaviours that may include physical, emotional, sexual violence. The purpose of domestic violence is to establish and apply power and control over another. Domestic violence is that it’s clearly an act of anger or frustration that someone has either physically or mentally used against someone or thing. From past knowledge I have identified that 80% of women (worldwide) are the victims to Domestic violence and the Men are predominantly the accusers. As in New Zealand we have a moderate amount of crimes committed and 25% of them are abuse. 84% of men are arrested for domestic violence 16% are women.

The pattern of behavior which includes violence in many ways such as physical, sexual, emotional, and economic aspects is known as domestic violence. There are several different groups of people who are becoming the victim of domestic violence such as immigrant communities, Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Community, Women with Disabilities, Elderly Women, and Employees/Colleagues etc. If we talk about immigrant’s language and cultural differences act as a barrier for their safety especially in a country where the laws are not implemented properly, many of them are unfamiliar with the rules and regulation of the country due to which they are sometime exploited. Moreover, immigrants in many countries are not preferred for a job despite