Intimate Partner Violence Sociology

Social class plays a key role in everyday life of millions around the world. So it is clear that social class would play a role in domestic violence. Knowing that domestic violence knows no boundaries it is correct to say that wealth does not protect against violence. In the article Economic stress and Domestic Violence by Claire M. Renzetti from the National Online Resource Center on Violence against Women, they bring social class and domestic violence into clear view. One discussion in the article which we have to take into account when looking at social class and domestic violence is well put when she stats “the data we have about domestic violence comes from samples to which researchers have greatest access, such as individuals who use social services and these individuals are more likely to have low incomes” (Renzetti, 2009). With this in mind it is clear to see why there are so many articles on low income violence. As she states from a study done by Benson and Fox (2003) from analyzing data from the National Survey of Household and Families, the family income increases the likelihood of domestic violence decrease. It is becoming clearer that even though we know that domestic

Another journal article focusing on differences in domestic violence in Canada and Quebec by Douglas A. Brownridge(2002) has an interesting result in relation to occurrence of domestic violence and socio-economic status and education. It compares results collected from Quebec and rest of Canada. It finds that women with higher education experienced lower violence in Quebec but women with higher education experienced higher violence in the rest of Canada. This might be because of the notion of liberal views held in Quebec by males, and therefore would feel less threatened by highly educated women. This could also be because of the man is financially dependent on the

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is described a psychological, emotional, sexual or physical harm to a person by their spouse or former partner (Breiding et al, 2015). National reports have revealed that about one in three women experience IPV (Sharron et al, 2015). Intimate partner violence is a growing epidemic in the United States. However, recent studies have focused on rural regions, such as Appalachia.

Domestic violence exists everywhere and affects all people regardless of socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, sex, ethnicity, or religion. Most times physical violence is accompanied by emotional abuse and controlling behaviors. The result of domestic violence includes physical injury, psychological issues, and death. Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) occurs in 1 of 4 women in the United States and can be correlated with a loss of emotional, social, physical and mental health. Intimate Partner Violence is an issue that does not receive a lot of recognition and is overlooked majority of the time. There is a lot of information on women in intimate partner violence relationships that explains how it affects women physically, mentally, and socially.

This section will discuss the topic intimate partner violence against women as discussed by other scholars and authors. Various books will be analyzed to understand the topic better. The section will also explain the main issues independently analyzing different literature and will also discuss the similarities and differences. The issue has emanated a lot of public concern as more young women continue to suffer in silence with the fear of speaking out against their partners. Some women, however, are courageous and have opted to speak about the issue in public without fear of being judged or criticized. Careful analysis of the different books will help to determine the different perspectives that different authors understand

Historically, lower-income black women have experienced intimate partner violence at a higher rate than any other racial or ethnic group in the United States. Very little of the research on intimate partner violence addresses the cultural and structural factors that influence black women’s experience of domestic violence (Taft et al. 2008). The most recent statistical survey of intimate partner violence in the United States was the National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey conducted in 2011; previously, the most recent was the National Violence against Women Survey conducted during 1995-1996 (Breiding et al., 2014). The Center for Disease Control (CDC) offers four categories of intimate partner violence: sexual violence, physical violence, stalking, and psychological aggression (Breiding et al., 2014). Although domestic violence occurs among all races and ethnicities and socio-economic classes, it is particularly important to explore black women’s differential experience of intimate partner violence because black women are experiencing a disparity.

Intimate partner violence is a dangerous and frightening issue threatening women worldwide. Intimate partner violence, also known as domestic violence, describes a cycle of abuse that involves either actual or threatened physical, sexual, psychological or emotional violence performed on someone by a spouse, boyfriend or girlfriend, or significant other (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Although it is not often discussed, intimate partner abuse is an incredibly common public health problem. In fact, it is one of the most common forms of violence facing women of all ages, ethnicities, and socioeconomic backgrounds, in which more than four million women in the United States experience abuse from a partner each year (Office on Women’s

It is believed that a large part of the population is in risk of this type of victimization (Giardino, 2010). With the health care community taking more interest in this issue, new screening tools have been developed to guide in the victim’s safety and find a way for them to leave the relationship (Giardino, 2010). In addition, intervention programs have been developed for the purpose of decreasing the risk of perpetrators from re-offending. There is an estimated 5.3 million IPV cases among woman that have occurred each year in the United States (Giardino, 2010). Two million have resulted in injuries and 1,300 deaths. It is more common for females to be victims of IPV but there has been cases where the victims are male or transgender. They are either married or single, involved in a heterosexual or same-sex relationship, and are members of any ethnic or socioeconomic group (Giardino, 2010). The myth of victims being poor, uneducated women is false. There is controversy in regards to the race and economic status of victims of intimate partner violence. There is no relationship between IPV and race, economic status, or educational level (Giardino, 2010). According to the National Violence against Women (NVAW), the ethnic groups of women most affected by IPV are American Indian, Alaskan Native, African American, and Hispanics

Domestic violence has been an ongoing problem for many years women are often abused physically mentally and emotionally. When domestic violence occurs there are past reasons that the domestic partner is mentally capable of distributing this type of violence. Women have fallen victim to domestic abuse forever, domestic abuse is an undeserved issue that someone with sociological issues develops a violent rage and then acts and reacts in a violent manner. Over time domestic violence has increased and this increase can be attributed to the contribution of how people are treated as children, the examples that their parents set for them, as well as people and issues in their present situations that may also contribute to violent attributes.

Consequently, the exposure of pornography can influence intimate partner sexual violence and forced sexual relations, especially among the females who are exceptionally vulnerable. In recent years, the focus on intimate partner sexual violence has been on the rise and its operationalization along with its association with negative repercussions. In particular, a study of 87 female victims reported that the presence of pornography is associated with the sadistic rapes from a sample of intimate partner sexual violence. With reports stating that 14% of individuals were forced by partners to watch pornography and attempt to re-enact such behaviors and acts (Moreau et al. 224). Which is directly an effect of sexual scripts provided by pornography.

In 2007, domestic violence resulted in 2,340 deaths in the United States, and 70% of those killed were female (CDC, 2012). Each year in the United States, one in four women are victims of intimate partner violence (Stahly, 2008) and the U.S. Department of Justice has estimated that this number could be doubled as it only represents the women who repot abuse to the police.

Intimate partner violence includes the physical, sexual, or psychological harm brought unto someone by a current or former partner. While both males and females can be targets of abusive relationships; women are more likely to report cases of intimate partner violence to the police. Based on reports, the rate of women targeted is significantly higher than the percentage of men. Intimate partner violence may occur in all countries, cultures, religions, and socioeconomic groups throughout the world. Underreporting is a huge issue in our society, which stems from aspects such as cultural views, the presence of children, a lack financial support/help, myths associated with intimate partner violence, patriarchy, and strain theory.

Intimate partner violence occurs among partners who are in a relationship. Such partners can either be married, engaged, and or dating and in either heterosexual or same-sex relationships. Both, male and females, can either be the victim or the perpetrator of such horrific episodes of violence against their partner. Women, for instance, are very aggressive and violent in self-defense while men, on the other hand, are most likely to engage in cycles of abuses and thus the notion that they are more violent and particularly against women (McLennan & MacMillan, 2016).

1) What is Domestic violence? According to http://www.stopvaw.org/what_is_domestic_violence2 domestic violence is a pattern of abusive and threatening behaviours that may include physical, emotional, sexual violence. The purpose of domestic violence is to establish and apply power and control over another. Domestic violence is that it’s clearly an act of anger or frustration that someone has either physically or mentally used against someone or thing. From past knowledge I have identified that 80% of women (worldwide) are the victims to Domestic violence and the Men are predominantly the accusers. As in New Zealand we have a moderate amount of crimes committed and 25% of them are abuse. 84% of men are arrested for domestic violence 16% are women.

The pattern of behavior which includes violence in many ways such as physical, sexual, emotional, and economic aspects is known as domestic violence. There are several different groups of people who are becoming the victim of domestic violence such as immigrant communities, Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Community, Women with Disabilities, Elderly Women, and Employees/Colleagues etc. If we talk about immigrant’s language and cultural differences act as a barrier for their safety especially in a country where the laws are not implemented properly, many of them are unfamiliar with the rules and regulation of the country due to which they are sometime exploited. Moreover, immigrants in many countries are not preferred for a job despite