The Psychological Disorder Of The American Psychiatric Association Regarding The Diagnostic And Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders

Antwone Fisher is a character who is very hostile and antisocial. He feels alone and confused by previous events that occurred during his childhood. Fisher is very withdrawn, unforgiving, and apprehensive. The constant battle of flashbacks denoting verbal, physical, and sexual abuse frequently interferes with his everyday life. The diagnostic criteria for post traumatic stress disorder explain the details of Antwone’s life in its entirety. Antwone meets the following criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition: “Directly experiences a traumatic event, experiences extreme exposure to aversive details of the traumatic event, recurrent, involuntary distressive memories” (271).

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) has a number of features. First of all, every disorder is identified using a name and a numerical code. In addition, the manual provides the criteria for diagnosing each disorder as well as establishes subtypes of a disorder and examples that would illustrate the disorder. The manual goes further by addressing the typical age of onset, culturally related information, gender-related information, prevalence of a disorder, typical clinical course of a disorder, typical predisposing factors of a disorder and genetic family patterns of a disease (Summers, 2009). The DSM-IV is a tool that is used by mental health practitioners and social service workers. As has been demonstrated

The DSM–5 incorporates the two DSM–IV syndromes, alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence, into one disorder - alcohol use disorder (AUD). AUD has sub-classifications of minor, moderate, and severe. A person who meets one or more of the criteria for abuse within a 12-month period would receive the “abuse” diagnosis. Anyone with three or more of the “dependence” criteria (see items 5 through 11) during the same 12-month period would receive a “dependence” diagnosis ( American

Alcohol in the United States has become a substance that most of the population abuses. Problems with alcoholism mainly occurs in young adults and has caused numerous deaths throughout the U.S. Alcohol has been a substance known for making the decision of flight or fight. Psychologists have taken their time and came to a conclusion that there consists of a five stage process in which one can abuse alcohol. Psychologists also figured out ways to help alcoholics looking for help to stop. Alcohol can be a danger to oneself and others, and it should be treated very seriously.

At the beginning of the 21st century, it was estimated that the annual number of deaths related to excessive drinking exceeded 100,000 in the United States alone (“Alcoholism”). In fact, in 1995, 140 million Americans were using alcohol is an abusing way (Ammerman, Ott, and Tarter). “It is a chronic and progressive illness that involves the excessive inappropriate ingestion of ethyl alcohol” (“Alcoholism”). Equally, it can be characterized as an emotional and many times, physical dependence on alcohol. It is thought to come from a combination of a wide range of physiological, social, and genetic factors (“Alcoholism”). Even

One of the growing epidemics of young adults in the United States is the dependence and/or abuse of alcohol, which is commonly referred to as alcoholism. The condition is described by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-V, as an alcohol use disorder (AUD), a type of substance abuse disorder, which encompasses both alcohol abuse and dependence. More specifically AUD is defined as, “medical conditions that doctors can diagnose when a patient’s drinking causes distress or harm (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 2007).” When the reliance or use of alcohol interferes with daily functioning, or causes greater harm to the one’s self, it can then be looked at as a disorder. According to the DSM-V, patients

Alcohol use disorder is a common disorder that can lead to substantial effects in one’s cognitive, behavioral and psychological well-being. Alcohol use Disorder is an ongoing pattern of alcohol use that can result in significant and recurrent consequences (APA, 2015). Based on the DSM 5, AUD must be exhibited by two or more symptoms occurring within a 12 month period and severity is categorized as mild, moderate, or severe based on the number of criteria met (B. Sadock, V. Sadock, & Ruiz,2015). Based on the criteria, those with AUD consume large amounts of alcohol over a period of time than intended and can include a range of symptoms which include cravings, tolerance, and withdrawal (APA, 2015).

In the United States, according to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, over seventeen million Americans suffer from AUD. AUD is known as alcohol use disorder, this is to include alcoholism, binge drinking and alcohol abuse. Alcoholism is described as someone who has developed a dependence for alcohol and has loss control of their drinking. Binge drinking is considered having more than five drinks in one session, this is a problem that effects mostly young people in their early twenties. Binge drinking can turn into alcohol abuse, this can lead to issues with family, work, school or even legal issues. If action is not taken early alcohol abuse can turn into alcoholism. The problems that can stem from alcoholism can include many health problems, issues with family life and legal matters. Now to look into some of these points listed above.

Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is classified as a Substance Use Disorder (SUD), to concentrate on one specific substance this paper will focus its attention on AUD. Even though people use a variety of substances to alter their mood, alcohol is typically the substance that can found without leaving the persons house. Therefore, most teenagers begin their experimentation of substances by using alcohol which their parents have in the home. Fuehrlein et al. (2016) reports, in a survey of 2,000 people with another mental health disorder were more likely to be comorbid for some form of an addiction disorder, 22.3% was specifically for alcohol use disorder. Although, not everyone who experiments with alcohol as a teenager develops a disorder

23.1% of all Americans have some alcohol use disorder, also known as AUDs, and 5% of those are children. Alcohol abuse is defined by the repeated drinking of alcohol to the point that it interferes with day to day activities, such as work. Also if you drink more than 7 drinks per week, for women, or 14 per week, for men, then you are considered to have a drinking problem. Alcoholism has dastardly effects on the people themselves and around them. We need to put an end to the emotional, physical, and economic problems caused by the abuse of alcohol.

Alcohol abuse is something that has affected countless lives, both mentally and physically. There are numerous disorders linked to this abuse, from Substance-Induced Anxiety Disorders to Alcohol-Induced Psychotic Disorder. These disorders have varying affects on the body and the person’s lives, and can cause serious injury and/or have serious side effects. A US Department of Justice study found that as many as 40% of violent crimes occur under the influence of alcohol. Of the 3.9 million Americans who received treatment for a substance abuse problem in 2005, 2.5 million of them were treated for alcohol use. Drinking alcohol to the point of dependence poses a severe health

The assessment process of PDD is complex and consists of multiple steps. The first step is a medical records review in terms of history of motor symptoms, age of onset, any cognitive changes and their progression, available brain scan results, timing, and reactions to antiparkinsonian and other medications, especially ones with anticholinergic effects. To be able to time neuropsychological testing appropriately is helpful to know about any fluctuations in movement impairments, attention, daytime sleepiness, and overall sleep patterns. The presence of psychiatric symptoms, medical conditions, and surgical procedures related as well as unrelated to PDD presence important information (Trosten & Brower, 2013).

Alcoholism and alcohol addiction has become a national crisis. In the United States approximately 62,000 men died un-necessarily as a result of alcohol abuse in 2014. Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is the fourth leading cause of preventable deaths with approximately 1.1 million men over the age of 18 currently receiving treatment for an AUD. Globally, the burden of alcohol abuse reflected 3.3 million deaths from consumption in 2012 alone. (NIH 2016).

The American Psychiatric Association 's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual fifth edition (DSM-5) is used by mental health professionals to help diagnose Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). According to the DSM-5, people with ADHD show a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development. Neurologically, research suggests that ADHD is associated with problems in the cascade process underlying the stimulus-response relationship in the brain; including reductions in the allocation of “attentional resources,” delays in the speed in which stimuli are processed, and failures to appropriately implement action monitoring processes as assessed using neuroelectric measures

Alcohol dependence is known to be the most severe form of alcohol abuse. A person becomes so dependent on alcohol consumption that he/she loses sight of all the other important things going on around him/her. Family matters and social responsibilities become secondary worries to his/her primary concern for existence, which is drinking (Stephens, 2007). Nearly fourteen million Americans are somewhat dependent on alcohol. Alcohol dependence is more prominent in men, and young adults ages 18-29 (Stephens, 2007). According to a study done by Saitz “85,000 deaths, along with substantial disability from medical and psychiatric consequences, injuries and “secondhand” effects (ex: motor vehicle crashes) are attributed to the use of alcohol” (Saitz, 2005).