TO WHAT EXTENT DOES CORRUPTION FACILITATE CRIMINAL GROUPS, SPECIFICALLY IN EASTERN EUROPE WHEN PURSUING TRANSNATIONAL CRIMES SUCH AS HUMAN TRAFFICKING (THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CORRUPTION AND HUMAN TRAFFICKING) By Student’s Name Code + Course Name Professor’s Name University Name City, State Date Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction 4 2. 0 Literature Review 5 2.1 Introducion to the Theoretical framework 5 2.2.1 Corruption 6 3. 0 Human Trafficking in the European region 8 3.1 Human Trafficking 8 3.3.1 Fundamentals of human trafficking 9 3.2 Movement and Trafficking Flows of People across borders in the European region 9 4.0 Use of Corruption in Relation to Human Trafficking 12 4.1 What is corruption 12 4.2 Border Control …show more content…
1.0 Introduction Trafficking of persons is the illegal practice of procuring human beings for unpaid work, slavery and or other forms of exploitations in physically abusive settings and locations from which they are not allowed to leave and return to their countries of residence (Danailova-Trainor, 2010). Trafficking of persons is a criminal activity as it deprives the victims of their fundamental human rights and their human dignity. The trafficking is done across the borders of the various countries of origin and those of destination. To curb this vice, the border point control staff has a great responsibility in its prevention. The border point security personnel’s have been identified as the major actors in the prevention and eradication of human trafficking (Hetzer, 2007). The main contributor and cause of the unending cases of human trafficking is corruption. Corruption can be defined as dishonest exploitation of power for personal gain by use of the deprivation technique. The traffickers engage in the trafficking activities for monetary gain (Hetzer, 2007). The victims are either coerced or deceived to cross the border without them realizing they are being trafficked or exploited. Many victims are promised better job opportunities, better pay, and working conditions and the ease of movement without enduring the legal process of visa acquisition. The border control authorities have accepted the bribes and the huge amounts of money offered
Human trafficking is a crime that is vast and ever-growing. It is also hard to identify and prevent, which attributes to the growing industry associated with this crime. There have been researchers who have examined the current data on human trafficking through literature reviews. Unfortunately, there will be limitations to this research because one cannot properly assess all cases of human trafficking; especially because there are many occurrences that go undetected. There have also been researchers who have linked human trafficking with particular criminological theories, in attempt to explain both why traffickers partake in this crime, and how individuals become victimized. This paper will examine 2 of the literature reviews completed, the limitations of those reviews, and 2 theories that may be used in explaining how one may become a victim and trafficker of human trafficking.
Critically analyze the development of human trafficking and its connections to the legitimate economic sphere. To what extent is this market a result of global structural conditions?
Human trafficking has been in existence in several states for many years. It is a form of slavery where people can be transported from one place to another for exploitation in farms, being forced into criminal activities such as terrorism, forced marriages, sexual abuse, prostitution among other forms of illicit activities (Butler, 2015). The trafficked individuals are often oppressed through violence, threats or coercion which forces the individuals to be involved in various things which they could not be willing to conduct. Majorly, members of the African continent have been widely bound to human trafficking. However, the ordeal has expanded even to trafficking within members of the same state.
The United Nations and other experts have made an educated guess the complete market price value of unlawful human trafficking competes with both drug and firearms trafficking. The crime of human trafficking is intercontinental and is established everywhere, as well as the United States. The term “trafficking” is misrepresented in that it is frequently presumed to imply movement across multi-national borders.
Although, smuggling and trafficking involve both humans, human trafficking differs from human smuggling because it is “compared to a modern day form of slavery”, involving “the exploitation of unwilling people through force” (Schmalleger, 2012, pg.605). Capturing, arresting and prosecuting human trafficking kingpins wouldn’t eliminate the problem, but rather encourage aspiring cartels to continue a “legacy”. However, fighting human trafficking is perhaps the most dangerous and difficult problem because of drugs and weapons, but nevertheless a rewarding accomplishment because “women and children compromise the largest group of victims” who are “often physically and emotionally abused” (Schmalleger, 2012, pg.607). A solution to this problem would probably be awareness, where the Federal government communicates to states, cities and communities to report suspicious activity. Therefore, proper help can be admitted to the victims by allowing new identities to be assigned; in addition, this would lower fraud and provide
It’s every human being’s responsibility to help prevent victims from suffering from physical and psychological aguish, one from which they’ll never fully overcome having survived human trafficking. Jones et al. (2007) stated, “political unrest, or (having) weak or corrupt infrastructures combined with widespread poverty, are breeding grounds for international criminal networks” (p. 113). Reducing the amount of corrupt officials and increasing the amount of supervision that goes on in both border crossing and local officials, a decrease in trafficking would follow since they’re vital to keep this business
A $28 billion trade is human trafficking, not to be confused with smuggling. This can take place in many forms such as modern day slavery, sexual exploitation, or even worse, organ harvesting. Human smuggling is when persons pay just to be brought into a country and do not get forced into all the terrible things that a ‘trafficked’ person gets forced into doing. Trapped with no way out many are forced to work as migrant workers or prostitutes. This is one of the fastest growing criminal activities around the globe. (Vardi, 2010). “It is estimated that 800,000 to 900,000 victims are annually trafficked across international borders worldwide and between 14,500 and 17,500 victims are trafficked into the United States annually.” (2012).
Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the link between trafficking, smuggling and migration so that the problem of exploitation of cross country migrants can be addressed in a comprehensive
Opening Statement The crisis of human trafficking has been an issue for centuries, what is the root of the problem? Why is this atonable crime still an issue in 2015? Exercise of human trafficking is stimulated by the absence of economic advantage, opportunity in the work force, and gender discrimination. As Shelley says in her article, "Human Trafficking as Transnational Organized Crime," there are both push and pull factors that stimulate the result of human trafficking.
In the article “Human Trafficking and Smuggling of Migrants”, the issue is brought by the Jennifer Rankin is whether international cooperation and immigration policies can reduce human trafficking and smuggling of migrants. The author argues whether the human trafficking and smuggling of migrants can be reduce by increase international cooperation and tightening its immigration policies. The author begins her argument by stating the reason of human trafficking that include extreme poverty, unemployment, lack of education, inadequate social programs, gender- based inequality, corruption, war and conflict situation and political unrest in countries of
Human trafficking is the trade of humans by force, mainly women and female children, for the purposes of sexual slavery, sexual exploitation, and domestic labor. Global human trafficking has often been labeled as modern- day slavery; however the history and causes have been identifiable just as the causes of traditional slavery have been. What causes human trafficking? In this present paper, the hypotheses on the primary causes of global human trafficking will be identified. There are three major themes that cause human trafficking: a nation’s economy, political and legal factors, and social factors that enable the continuance of human trafficking. According to previous research indications of historical influence and social hierarchy have the greatest impact on the causes of human trafficking; these topics will further be elaborated upon during the discussions of political influences and social factors that impact human trafficking.
Human trafficking is a crime that affects practically every country in the world. No country is protected from this modern day form of slavery (Winterdyk, Perrin, & Reichel, 2012, p. 9). Human trafficking is a 32 billion dollar a year business that ranks third only behind illegal drugs and arms trafficking and is flourishing like a weed in sunlight (11 Facts About Human Trafficking, 2016). In some countries, human trafficking flourishes even more because of the business like agreement that seems to exist between two countries
Human trafficking is the 2nd largest criminal enterprise in the world. Every year, 4 million innocent lives are imprisoned to in the industry, which in turn has resulted in the crime to have an annual profit of $32 billion. This modern form of slavery is defined as the acquisition of a person by means of deception or coercion, for the purpose of exploitation. It can be broken down into three elements: the act, the means, and the purpose. The act covers the action that is done, which could mean recruitment, transportation & transfer. The means are how the act is done. This can be by threats, abduction, deception or abuse of power. Last but not least, the purpose, why the act is done in the first place. This element can range from the purpose
Being a heinous international crime, the State Department notes human trafficking in the most recent report as “unfortunately flourishing due to current global financial issues”. Most often, human trafficking reminds people of sex trade, yet it also happens in labor situations, such as child labor and forced labor. For several reasons human trafficking happens, impoverish, lake of education, the supply and demand for labour, government can prevent it and protect victims by addressing vulnerabilities of target communities, developing and implementing laws and police forces, and offering various services for
If serious help is to be given toward combating human trafficking, certain characteristics must be realized. For instance, human trafficking is constructed as a different sort of problem by a variety of social actors, agencies and institutions. Non governmental organizations (NGOs) tend to construct it as a problem of human rights abuses, while government agencies such as the police and the immigration service construct it either as a problem of organized crime or a problem of illegal immigration. Anti-trafficking policies should remain cognizant of the economic social and political roots of human trafficking. The current economic structures, including bilateral trade policy and structural adjustment programs are stacked against the interest of non-industrialized nations, creating a situation where citizens will take incredible risks to escape poverty.