The Relationship Between The Pre Plant Nitrate N And Relative Yield Of Wheat

The purpose of this assignment is to look at the flow of water within the soil and how it can affect the cycling of nutrients, while outlining the remedial methods needed for sustaining suitable nutrient levels.

Farming with an excess of nitrogen levels can cause much harm on the ecosystems and makes it difficult for the nature to handle to excess levels. Does high nitrogen levels also affect the boundary of land use? Does farming used in ice free lands also have an issue of high nitrogen levels?

Following this food production in Australia will be discussed and the effects this has had on the land.

Soil erosion is proven to be the dominant sediment source within catchments, comprising up to 63% of the sediment flowing into rivers (McKergow, Prosser, Hughes, & Brodie, 2005, pp.200). It is estimated that by the end of the 20th century, agricultural purposes had caused the clearing of more than 50% of the natural vegetation in Queensland (Bowen & Bowen, 2002, pp. 407). In 1999, 90% of all land cleared in Australia was located within Queensland, an estimated 400,000 hectares (Bowen & Bowen, 2002, pp. 407). Cropping, particularly sugarcane, and beef grazing are the main sources of soil erosion, as well as cotton and minor urban development (Brodie et al., 2007). Use of nitrogen fertilization (De’ath & Fabricius, 2010) has also caused a flux of nutrients to make their way to the Great Barrier Reef, causing eutrophication in some areas (Brodie, Wolanski, Lewis, & Bainbridge, 2012, pp. 267). Degradation of land assigned for Pastoral purposes has been the main contemporary source of sediments, owing the impact they have to the sheer amount of cleared land that is designated to beef grazing (Neil, Orpin, Ridd, & Yu, 2002, pp. 733). Unlike agricultural practices which use highly fertilized soils, the exported nutrients from cattle grazing land are from natural, unfertilized soil that results from erosion inland (Brodie et al.,

Saline environments tend to hinder agricultural production by lowering crop yields, often quite substantially. The traditional response to the threat of salinity-induced crop yield reductions is to apply water in excess of plant requirements so as to leach the salts out of the root zone. (Letey and Dinar, 1986).

High amounts of nitrate from agricultural field watershed contaminate the groundwater, creating a consumption hazard. A nitrate level greater than 10 mg/L causes negative health effects for the local population and aquatic organisms.

Dryland salinity has become a large problem in Australia. As salt start to accumulate near the soil surface, plants find it harder to absorb water and then start to slowly die, as they become dehydrated. 30% loss of field crops can occur, even before the effect of soil salinity is visible.

With soil being washed away nearly 10 – 40 times faster than it is being replenished1, every single idea to avert this this crisis needs to be considered. No till farming, a method by which farmers implement a way of growing crops with minimal disturbance to the soil and the soil’s abiotic and biotic components, is a very important idea that is being employed worldwide with notable results. With food prices rising and people turning to their own backyards to grow food, the potential advantages of small scale no till can play a major role in the health and regeneration of our

The average yield of total nitrogen between the two rivers differ. The Red River has a slightly higher nitrogen yield in the early data set (1992-1994) than the Sweetwater River (Figure 2A). Whereas, nitrogen yield in the Red River is significantly lower than the Sweetwater in 2005-2007 (Figure 2A). Comparing the two datasets corresponding to years, the Red River showed significant decrease in the average yield of nitrogen (Figure 2A). However, the Sweetwater nitrogen yield has dramatically increased since the earlier data collection (Figure 2A).

Therefore, a 20-day laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of nitrification inhibitors on N2O, CO2 and CH4 emissions after the incorporation of broccoli crop residues on a heavy-clay, vertosol soil from Gatton, South East Queensland, Australia. Five treatments were investigated including the conventional fresh broccoli residue incorporation, with the addition of three nitrification inhibitors: 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP), 3,4-dimethyl pyrazolium glycolate (DMPG), and PIADIN. The incorporation of dry broccoli residues was also investigated. Samples were incubated at 25 ̊C across varying soil moisture

The primary goal of this my analysis is to estimate long-term mass loss of nitrate in Saylorville Lake and compare my analysis with those of Schoch et al. (2009) and Okereke et al. (1988) to determine if Saylorville Lake is a nitrogen sink. Approximate annual percent mass loss of nitrate and hydraulic loading rate (HLR) in the reservoir, and compare my finding with those of David et al (2006) and Garnier et al.(1999); to determine nitrate reduction Saylorville Lake. Recent studies done by David et al. (2006), Schoch et al (2009) and Okereke et al. (1988) from 1981 through the period of 2006, on Shelbyville lake indicate high to low nitrate inputs. Similar observations were also indicated by Garnier et al.(1999) in three reservoirs in France.

The climatic conditions of Australia are extremes, and this has brought challenges in the farming sector, these have led to great inventions and improved production methods that have put Australia in the forefront of world agricultural development. The combine head harvester, stump jump plough, and improved strains of drought and disease- resistant wheat.

Erosion removes the surface soils, containing most of the organic matter, plant nutrients, and fine soil particles, which help to retain water and nutrients in the root zone where they are available to plants. Thus it affects the productivity of plants. The remaining, the subsoil, tends to be less fertile, less absorbent and less able to retain pesticides, fertilizers, and other plant nutrients. There are over 17,000 soil types recognized worldwide. They vary widely in structure, erodibility, fertility, and ability to produce crops. A generalized soil profile for a humid, temperate climate is showed. When the natural vegetation is cleared for agriculture, soils become exposed to erosion and loss of soil fertility. The removal of the above-ground natural

Levallois, P ; Thériault, M ; Rouffignat, J ; Tessier, S ; Landry, R ; Ayotte, P et al. 1998, Groundwater contamination by nitrates associated with intensive potato culture in Québe, Science of the Total Environment, view 22 October 2013, < http://www.researchgate.net/publication/13590434_Groundwater_contamination_by_nitrates_associated_with_intensive_potato_culture_in_Qubec>

Production of wheat depend upon various inputs such as Land, Labour and Capital that leads to the output. As a producer, one will calculate how much of land and labour or other factors are required to produce the given quantity of a commodity (wheat). Production function helps us study the functional relationship between physical inputs and physical output of a commodity. It is purely a technical relation which carries factor inputs and output.