When you think of the prison population, you think that inmates are either male or female. Well think about these men that refer to themselves as being transgender. Men living and conducting themselves as women. My query is, how do these transgender inmates see themselves in being housed in a male correctional facility? Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender and Intersex (LGBTI) Community extends to our prison population whether male or female. However, this essay will focus on the male population.
In order to contend with homosexuality in the prison population; prison officials and politicians have invoked laws to protect those offenders that identified themselves as either being transsexual or homosexual. President Bush signed into law the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003 (PREA; Public Law 108-79). This law was created to protect not only the inmate population but, all who entered a prison, jail or detention centers. The creation of such a law denotes that a concern does exist.
In the article Agnes Goes to Prison Authenticity, Transgender Inmates in Prisons for Men and the Pursuit of “The Real Deal” (Jenness & Fensternmaker, 2013), deals with transgender men living in the California Prison System. The lifestyle and daily struggle to survive as a woman trapped in a man’s body as well as emotional consequence of such a lifestyle is traumatic at best. These men not only have live as women in prison but they have lived their lives as women in their communities as well.
Transgender people in today’s society have it hard enough; going to prison is even harder due to the risks associated to someone who is transgendered. People who are transgendered risk their health and well-being while being locked up in prison. They face a variety of issues while they are incarcerated such as housing, physical, emotional abuse and most of all denial to their basic medical needs that helps express who they are through their gender.
Most people are aware that prisoners possess zero authority in the prison system. They have no control over any aspect of their daily lives, but instead they are minded by prison jurisdiction. Prison guards and wardens possess the power to do anything that they please within those brick walls. This is an issue that society has been aware of for many decades; however, there has been little to no effort to change the conditions. Many prisoners have sought to inform society of how these prison authority figures abuse their power by producing many different types of media. One of those individual’s is the poet, and former prisoner Carolyn Baxter. While being incarcerated in the New York City women’s correctional facility, Baxter wrote a poem entitled 35 Years a Correctional Officer. In this poem she expresses the motif of power by telling the story of a correctional officer who was in fact abusing her authority to satisfy her own needs. Baxter reveals this motif by cunningly using the literary elements of situational irony and tone.
Imagine, you go to work in your dress shoes, black suit, buzz-cut hair, red power tie, and nobody pays you a second look. But, the second you get home, you kick off your shoes, and don high-heels, the suit is replaced with a dress, your short wig is taken off, and you let your long curls fall, and your tie is in the closet, with a necklace in its place. Such hiding of true feelings is not an unheard concept in the transgender world. Millions of transgender people will never express their true feelings in their lifetime. This is similar to The Intruder by Andre Dubus, Kenneth Girard a
Prison personnel have not been doing much to secure the safety and well-being of transgender inmates. Some even engage in the unruly behavior and are the dominant aspects to the problems that transgender inmates sustain. Many transgender inmates have attempted to seek justice, but their cases were thrown out. Consequently, it is imperative that people know the conditions and obstacles, in which transgender prisoners encounter while incarcerated. The problems and concerns need to be addressed in order to raise awareness, to help provide safety and security for transgender prisoners because they are humans too. This paper will raise awareness and provide insight on the challenges that transgender prisoners experience, ways to improve conditions, and what policies are already put into place.
For over centuries, the only form of punishment and discouragement for humans is through the prison system. Because of this, these humans or inmates, are sentenced to spend a significant part of their life in a confined, small room. With that being said, the prison life can leave a remarkable toll on the inmates life in many different categories. The first and arguably most important comes in the form of mental health. Living in prison with have a great impact on the psychological part of your life. For example, The prison life is a very much different way of life than what us “normal” humans are accustomed to living in our society. Once that inmate takes their first step inside their new society, their whole mindset on how to live and communicate changes. The inmate’s psychological beliefs about what is right and wrong are in questioned as well as everything else they learned in the outside world. In a way, prison is a never ending mind game you are playing against yourself with no chance of wining. Other than the mental aspect of prison, family plays a very important role in an inmate’s sentence. Family can be the “make it or break it” deal for a lot of inmates. It is often said that “when a person gets sentenced to prison, the whole family serves the sentence.” Well, for many inmates that is the exact case. While that prisoner serves their time behind bars, their family is on the outside waiting in anticipation for their loved ones to be released. In a way, the families
Imagine being a woman in a men’s prison. For many prisoners, this is the case because most state court correctional decide to sentence transsexual women in transition inmates based on sex assignment, not their identity. Within most dominant U.S. cultures transsexual women in transition are defined as those whose sense of gender is so absolutely opposed to their sex assignment at birth that they individuals desire to live exclusively as the opposite sex, undergo hormone treatments to align with the opposite sex, and sometimes undergo surgery to match their sexual organs with their gender identity (Stirnitzke 291). Often people are
In September 2003 then President Bush signed into law the Prison Rape Elimination Act or (PREA). It is the first law of
The United States prison system struggles eminently with keeping offenders out of prison after being released. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, more than third of all prisoners who were arrested within five years of released were arrested within six months after release, with more than half arrested by the end of the year (Hughes, Wilson, & Beck, 2001). Among prisoners released in 2005 in 23 states with available data on inmates returned to prison, about half (55 percent) had either a parole or probation violation or an arrest for a new offense within three years that led to imprisonment (Durose, Cooper, & Snyder, 2014). Why are there many ex-offenders going back to prison within the first five years of release? Are there not enough resources to help offenders before or/and after being released from prison.
In the United States today, 4.7 million citizens—more than two percent of the adult population—are deprived of the right to vote because they have been convicted of a felony. Of these, 1.7 million have completed their sentences and are no longer under any form of criminal justice supervision.1 I shall argue that disenfranchisement of offenders who have completed their sentences is morally wrong, and that enfranchising all offenders—even those in prison—would be good social policy. Arguments about felony disenfranchisement are often framed along the lines of classical liberal and classical republican theories of citizenship, and I will follow this practice. The standard classical liberal argument for disenfranchisement of convicted felons is
Within this paper, you will find a comprehensive review of the United States prison system, and why it needs to analyzed to better support and reform the people of this country. I plan to persuade the other side (politicians and society) into seeing that the way the prison system is now, is not ethical nor economical and it must change. We have one of the world’s largest prison population, but also a very high rate of recidivism. Recidivism is when the prisoners continuously return to prison without being reformed. They return for the same things that they were doing before. So, this leads us to ask what exactly are we doing wrong? When this happens, we as a nation must continuously pay to house and feed these inmates. The purpose of a prison needs to be examined so we can decide if we really are reforming our inmates, or just continuing a vicious cycle. What is the true purpose of prison besides just holding them in a cell? There must be more we can do for these hopeless members of society.
Equalizing the constitutional rights of prisoners and the functions of the jail or prison can create great strain on not only the correctional facilities’ staff but on the inmates as well. The treatment of prisoners is typically left completely to the prudence of prison administrators and other correctional officials. With that being said, this paper will discuss the differences between harmonizing those constitutional rights of prisoners and the functions of the facility. It will also explain the rights that prisoners are required to have, and how these rights are balanced within other aspects of the correctional institution.
The film explains the story of Andy Dufresne, a young city banker who is sentenced to life in prison after being wrongfully accused of murdering his wife and her lover. The film analyzing the effects of long-term incarceration on individual prisoners by exploring what is called institutionalization. It portrays how individual’s experiences within a prison can rapidly grow onto someone until it is only life one is familiar with and can relate to. It outlines how one has to rely on the institution of the prison itself to remain who he is. Shawshank blurs the line between what is considered right and wrong and furthermore exemplifies the notion that isolating and reforming criminals will turn them into law-abiding citizens.
Reid was a former inmate who suffered the cruel punishments that correctional officers made her go through. “The Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA) was robustly publicized by prison administration. The administration tell the inmates that they have rights, they tell them that they do not have to be subjected to any unwanted attention from guards and they tell them they are there to help”(Reid 2013). Unfortunately, the inmates realize that the prison is actually not telling the truth they are just going through protocol. PREA was supposedly a terrific act to prevent sexual abuse on the surface, but under the surface things really have not changed. Actually, “if an inmate was to report an allegation of sexual abuse they were directly sent to segregation, the inmate would stay there until the investigation was conducted, the investigation could take months. This made it feel like the inmates did something wrong when they reported their sexual abuse or harassment. This also made the inmates feel as if there was
For centuries the general public have perceived that the deep horrors of the prison system only existed within the majority of incarcerated male inmates. However now due to recent investigations researchers are finding that this is not the case. For a lengthened period of time the female prison system have been given low attention in comparison to male inmates
The ethical theory of utilitarianism and the perspective on relativism, of prison labor along with the relativism on criminal behavior of individuals incarcerated are two issues that need to be addressed. Does the utilitarianism of prisoner’s right laws actually protect them? Or are the unethical actions of the international and states right laws exploiting the prison labor? Unethical procedures that impact incarcerated individuals and correctional staff, the relativism of respect as people and not just prisoner’s; the safety of all inmates and correctional staff, are all issues worth continuous reflection.