The Role Of Labor In Qatar

Persian Gulf Development Literature Oil Curse Literature Arab and Islamic Factors Regional Ovemiew and Historical Background Dubai's Development History

"Domestic servitude is the seemingly normal practice of live-in help that is used as cover for the exploitation and control of someone, usually from another country" (End Slavery Now). Victims of domestic servitude may appear to be nannies, but their employment turns into a situation where they cannot leave on their own free will, it becomes enslavement. Domestic workplaces are often not shared with other workers. This environment can isolate domestic workers because authorities cannot inspect homes as easily as they can other workplaces. Domestic servitude can also be a form of bonded labor. This form of slavery happens when migrant workers reach a destination country, and they incur a debt for their travel. Though working, if their employer

     It is a tragedy of global proportions that the world’s Arab peoples, practically without exception, live under dictatorships which have systematically impoverished their sociopolitical, cultural and economic development. A report by 30 Arab researchers on behalf of the UN Development Fund in 2002 looked at 22 Arab countries with over 280 million citizens. It found that more than 50% of Arab women are illiterate; spending on scientific research was a pitiful 0.4% of GDP; 0.5% of Arabs had access to the internet; there are more books translated into Spanish each year than into Arabic in the last ten centuries; economic growth over the past decade averaged just 0.5% per annum due to lack of investment. The

Men, women, and children are held in debt bondage and face involuntary servitude working in brick kilns, rice mills, agriculture, and embroidery factories. India is also a destination for women and girls from Nepal and Bangladesh trafficked for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation. Bangladeshi women reportedly are trafficked through India for sexual exploitation in Pakistan. Although Indians migrate willingly to the Gulf for work as domestic servants and low-skilled laborers, some later find themselves in situations of involuntary servitude, including extended working hours, non-payment of wages, restrictions on movement by withholding of passports or confinement to the workplace, and physical or sexual abuse. Bangladeshi and Nepali men and women are trafficked through India for involuntary servitude in the Middle East.

Forced labour is when a person is made to work without voluntarily offering to provide labour or services. This form of trafficking usually occurs due to the trafficker’s use of force and threats. A person may voluntarily work in the first place, however, when they wish to stop and leave the area where they work, the employer prevents them from doing so. Some examples include South Asian and African boys being trafficked as camel jockeys, Chinese women being trafficked into garment factories and Eastern European women being trafficked into

Because of a vulnerable status related to immigration status and language barriers, many of the migrant workers find themselves in an impossible situation of debt bondage and/or paper holding, leaving them with no other option but to continue to work for little or no pay under inhumane working and living conditions. (Heil and Nichols, 2015, 31)

In forced labor , you are paid very little to work many hours a day. Voice of America, the online newspaper, says that “At least 130,000 female migrant domestic workers currently work in Oman, and the report alleges that the neighboring United Arab Emirates (UAE) serves as a human trafficking hub where recruiters sell migrants to families that then illegally transport them into Oman.” Many are forced to work twenty hours a day with hardly any pay.

the workers were not provided with stable housing or living space. For example in our country a migratory worker looking for work might rent a house or stay in a motel or hotel. Unlike in the US, in qatar migrant workers were forced to live in camps. These camps were located near where the world cup was being built. People lived in tents or small shacks with no running water. Once the workers were employed their legal residence would be transferred to their employer. This meant that they could not leave the country unless their employer said so. These people were then forced to work even when working in those high temperatures could kill them. Some workers would work in the direct mid day heat and would die of heat exhaustion. Heat exhaustion

The majority of human trafficking that occurs in the world today is in the form of forced labor (Types of Human Trafficking). Men, women, and children alike are subject to this particular form of human trafficking. Depending on the situation, victims can be prone to different forms of forced labor ranging from bonded labor to domestic servitude. Men are generally affected by bonded labor on a greater scale; nevertheless, it is not exclusively restricted to males. Bonded labor most commonly occurs when a worker falls into debt and fails to repay it. It is not uncommon for the captive’s successors to enter bonded labor as well, being that the wages are often too low for them to make a quick assent from their debt. Involuntary servitude is yet another form of forced labor. It often times occurs when a person has entered into a position where they are an unpaid servant to another. Although there is usually no contract or official working agreement in place, the worker feels intimidated by their employer and therefore feels as if there is no option of escape. Domestic servitude is one of the most commonly seen forms of human trafficking and is found almost exclusively in women (Trafficking in Forced Labor). “In the main, women leave on tourist visas, with the promise of jobs as nannies or domestic workers or in the hotel, catering, and entertainment sectors. A minority, as in other contexts, know that they will engage in prostitution” (Quirk 229). Educated women from

Even though the United Arab Emirates abolished slavery in 1963, in 2005 there were estimated to be at least 10,000 contemporary slaves who are behind the labor that is revolutionizing this city. In the Vice special, “The Slaves of Dubai,” Nick McGeehan of the Mafiwasta Human Rights Group describes the experience of a slave in Dubai: “There will be a contract signed in the host state. He will then be flown to Dubai. In arrival in Dubai, that contact would effectively be ripped up. He would be paid sometimes half of what they intended the salary was and his passport would also be

The government takes a large role in furthering the migrant workers marginalization, In Sara Hamza’s research on “Migrant Labor in the Arabian Gulf,” the government takes a hand in restricting migrant workers from in-city housing, “when a construction firm in Dubai headed by a European family decided to house its employees in villas in the Jumeirah area, officials from the municipality evicted the workers and encouraged them to find housing in a labor camp” (as cited in Ali 2010, 93).

“Saudi Arabia, once a country of small cities and towns, has become increasingly urban; traditional centers such as Jiddah, Mecca, and Medina have grown into large cities, and the capital, Riyadh, a former oasis town, has grown into a modern metropolis. Many of the region’s traditional nomads, the Bedouin, are in cities or agrarian communities. The sedentary population of the country views those few Bedouin who maintain the traditional desert lifestyle with deep ambivalence. They are, at the same time, the link to the country’s past and its solid foundation” (Teitelbaum). Although most of Saudi Arabia is uninhabited, it still boasts a population of more than 27.3 million people. They use modern forms of communication such as cellular phones, satellite television, and the internet. Broadcast media is state controlled and internet use is limited, but in 2009, there were nearly 10 million internet users in the country.

Kuwait is a small Arab country in western Asia; compose of about 4.09 million inhabitants. Even though it is a small country, it is the 8th richest country in the world per capita. The country is a constitutional monarchy, governed by the al-Sabah family. Kuwait offers an open competitive and wealthy market for consumer goods and project exports. We will be examining the country’s major imports and exports and its changes over the decade, trade barriers, and trade agreements their in.

On October 25, 2017, The Guardian reported that Egypt, Bahrain, UAE, and Saudi Arabia’s blockade of Qatar has the potential to create long-lasting rifts in the region. In June of this year, the aforementioned nations all cut off diplomatic ties with the small peninsular nation of Qatar. Saudi Arabia and UAE said that diplomatic and economic relations would be restored once Qatar has broken all of its links with the Muslim Brotherhood, Hamas, and Iran. Qatar emphatically denied that it had any financial links with those extremist groups. This stalemate has led to a long lasting blockade that- as of writing- is still ongoing. With no end in sight, some observers are worried that the blockade will have negative impacts on the region and on

The UAE 's economy is the most diversified in the Gulf and the wider region. There’s no income tax. The gross domestic product is 67,616 dollars US per capita. The country oil and gas reserves are among the richest in the world. Successful efforts at economic diversification have reduced the portion of GDP based on oil and gas output to twenty five percent with a plan to push it to zero within next fifty years (Renewable Energy Prospects: United Arab Emirates p. 30). Low prices of oil have prompted the UAE to take steps to reduce its spending on country wide social programs, including eliminating fuel subsidies in August 2015. The IMF recently praised the vision and fiscal policies adopted by the country that