DUBAI'S POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: AN OASIS TN THE DESERT?
by CHRISTOPHER DeNICOLA
A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts with Honors in Political Science
WILLIAMS COLLEGE Williamstown, Massachusetts
MAY 10,2005
Table of Contents
I
Persian Gulf Development Literature Oil Curse Literature Arab and Islamic Factors Regional Ovemiew and Historical Background Dubai's Development History
I1
PI1
Explaining Dubai9sDevelopment Outcome Why Not Other Gulf States? Dubai versus the Development Literature
IV
Dubai in a Cornparatbe Corntext Saudi Arabia Qatar Brunei
Conclusion
Appendix
Bibliography
Introduction
Dubai, a tiny,
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2 Ashfaq Ahmed, "UAE Nationals in Private Sector Miniscule - Study," GulfNews (June 7,2004). Harrison; Nick Meo, "How Dubai, the Playground of Businessmen and Warlords, Is Built by Asian Wage Slaves," The Independent (March 1,2005). Ahmed. 5 Meo. 6 Personal Interviews January 2005.
ceilings, marble bathrooms outfitted with Jacuzzis, and personal butlers.' In addition to serving as a popular tourist attraction, this hotel has given the city its own unique icon. The image of the Burj Al Arab is ubiquitous in Dubai and can be found everywhere from souvenir key-chains to license plates. Dubai s other projects are perhaps even more audacious. The Palm Island real
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estate developments consist of two man-made islands shaped like palm trees.8 When finished, both palms will contain about 3,000 homes and 40 luxury hotels, as well as amusement parks and other tourist
attraction^.^
In addition, construction has begun on
"The World," a series of 300 islets laid out to resemble a map of the world. These manmade islands will also offer tourists beach real estate and extensive opportunities for leisure.1° Finally, the emirate has begun work on a structure that is set to become the world's tallest building, the Burj Dubai. The exact height of this edifice is a closelyguarded secret.'' Another facet of Dubai that visitors quickly take note of is the city's shoppingoriented culture. The city contains numerous malls, many of which offer stand-alone outlets for upscale
Holden Sotheby’s International Realty in Cabarete has all types of real estate for sale in the Dominican Republic. Although the “DR” is a Caribbean Island, it is also a very large country with many different lifestyles. Landscapes vary from hundreds of miles of sandy beaches to tall mountains that reach over 10,000 feet above sea level. Real Estate includes beachfront condominiums, ocean-side villas, private golf course homes, and farm and ranch properties that are ripe for development or the equestrian lifestyle. There are also multiple marinas with yacht clubs and boat slips in protected harbors just steps from your residence. With non-stop flights from many cities around the world, the Dominican Republic has it all.
It is a tragedy of global proportions that the world’s Arab peoples, practically without exception, live under dictatorships which have systematically impoverished their sociopolitical, cultural and economic development. A report by 30 Arab researchers on behalf of the UN Development Fund in 2002 looked at 22 Arab countries with over 280 million citizens. It found that more than 50% of Arab women are illiterate; spending on scientific research was a pitiful 0.4% of GDP; 0.5% of Arabs had access to the internet; there are more books translated into Spanish each year than into Arabic in the last ten centuries; economic growth over the past decade averaged just 0.5% per annum due to lack of investment. The
Colloquially known as “Palmy”, Palm Beach is a Northern Beaches suburb that has direct access
2. The 4th tallest hotel in the world, it stands 321 meters high and is located on a separate artificial island. Built like a sail
For example the emirate Ajman that has a shipbuilding company, a ship repair place, and a cement company. There is also a emirate named Umm al-Qaiwain that has a fish hatchery, a cement plant, and a handicraft business(Gall 897). These two emirates cannot function by themselves because they don't get enough money, but thanks to help from Dubai these emirates get federal aid that allow them to work and function. So without Dubai making so much money from oil, a bunch of these smaller poorer emirates would not be able to function as well as they do
Dubai with all it's wealth is not wealthy because of their technological knowledge and inventions causing their advancements wealth wise, but only because other races of people from outside their country came in discovered their oil, established oil drilling and oil refineries that later the leaders of Dubai nationalized and took over the oil operation from the outsiders keeping the preponderance of the profits from the sale of oil for themselves and their people. If it wasn't for the oil they would be just another group of poor none white people.
The city of Dubai is situated in the heart of the Arabian Peninsula. Part of the United Arab Emirates UAE, this city-state is aspiring to be major metropolis and the most populated in UAE with a population of 2.1 million approx. Dubai is also one of the richest economies of the world with ‘an estimated per capita income of $37000/-’10
United Arab Emirates continues to develop its interest with missile defense while oil has been the focal point in UAE’s economy and continues to contribute tremendously to economic prosperity. A determined and far-seeing policy of economic diversification has fortified the result of non-oil sectors now account or 69 per cent of funds contributing to the economy with oil supplying the remaining third (“UAEinteract,” 2016). Trade has also played a significant role in the economic life for many centuries. Economic growth has steadily gone up due to a short-lived
The economy in the United Arab Emirates has experienced substantial increases in the last 40 years. The UAE’s capabilities with the pearling and oil industries have given the region its necessary budgets to expand so rapidly. The economic policies in the UAE have gone through stages, since the birth of the region in 1971. Changes in economic welfare of the markets, and privatization policies are also key aspects in understanding the UAE’s economic liberalization and growth. In order to understand the UAE’s economic standard, economic liberalization must be analyzed. The argument of this paper will discuss how economic liberalization has occurred in the United Arab Emirates and is continuing to grow.
Paris: 3Reem Al Hashemi, Minister of State and Managing Director of the Higher Committee for Hosting the World Expo 2020, spoke to delegates of the Bureau International des Expositions (BIE) at the final presentations to hold the World Expo in 2020.She pledged to the audience the UAE's "assets, skills, and expertise to give Expo 2020 the weight and recognition it deserves." (Chatterjee, 2013)
Unlike the melting pot of nationalities in America, United Arab Emirates is, more accurately, like a pot of nationalities that was never heated. The immigration policies of UAE, among other things, have kept them all separated. As can be seen in Dubai, a city that is the present day Constantinople, the modern age has taken over in every industry. The city is glittering with popular brands like McDonald’s, PizzaHut, Dominoes, Chili’s, The Cheesecake Factory, Starbucks, Nando’s, Lal Qila and many more from the United States, Europe and Asia. The fashion scene, described by my friend who visits Dubai twice a year, is like that of New York or Paris. The Emirati culture and values are fading as the newer generations assimilate into their current social scene. Their immigration policies are failing to keep their ideals intact. The labor laws lack protection of any kind for the immigrant workers, domestic or otherwise. The government of UAE cannot hold preservation of national identity and cultural values to be more important than the rights of the immigrants. In their quest for cheap labor and large profit margins, the UAE government is violating human rights and social rights.
Dubai is one of the seven Emirates in the United Arab Emirates, which is located in the Persian Gulf. Dubai is a city founded by Ubaid bin Saeed and Maktoum bin Butti Al Maktoum. It’s national independence day is the second of December. It’s know as the biggest metropolitan in the Middle East, and known as one of the biggest business hubs in the Middle East, a station for transporting passengers and cargos. Its official language is Arabic, and many of the school in the country has compulsory Arabic classes for the students as the government makes it to be. However, as the city has a lot of expatriates and tourists coming to the city, Dubai is very accepting of the English language being spoken as well as a variety of other languages such as Tamil, Tagalog and many other languages are also freely spoken in the city.
Our version of Dubai has incorporated more mixed use, with a multiple amount of mixed use buildings. With the idea of seven story mall. The first four levels are for
One to take away from UAE’s strategy that Saudi Arabia needs to start implementing now is “social engineering is better at changing civic attitudes than economics one” (Jones). The changes that were made allowed for the UAE to have “successful efforts at economic diversification” (Indexmudi.com).
With all this exponential development comes the funds required to subsidize it. UAE possesses approximately 10% of the world’s petroleum and natural gas reserves. Which makes trading with UAE a necessity since the world uses around 85 million barrels of oil each day. Dubai utilizes an international airport for exporting but additionally uses the ports in the Persian Gulf. This is a potential hazard because hostilities within the gulf could eradicate the commerce exchange routes. Even with perilousness,