The Roman Catholic Church Responded Treatment

Before the war, the Holy Roman Empire already began to have its struggles. In 1555, the Peace of Augsburg was recognized. It stated that the individual prince of the Holy Roman Empire could determine the religion of his subjects. The Peace of Augsburg was unraveling as some converted bishops had not

Although he absolutely opposed Martin Luther and the entire protestant reformation, his actions were crucial in the spread of the reformation. When Emperor Charles V agreed to a revival of the imperial Supreme Court and the council of regency and promised to consult with a diet of the empire on all major domestic affairs that affected the empire, he helped the development of the reformation by preventing unilateral imperial action against the Germans. Overwhelmed by all the land he controlled and the Habsburg wars he was involved in, Charles V was not able to stop Luther from reforming the church. He eventually gave up and signed the Peace of Augsburg on September 25, 1555. The Peace of Augsburg was the legalization of Catholicism and Lutheranism in the country of Germany. As a result to this peace treaty, the protestant reformation was spread throughout Germany and began to

Henry IV of France was able to act as a "fox" by evaluating what mattered more to him. When Henry converted to Catholosism out of being a Hugenot during the Saint Bartholomew 's Day Massacre, it was clear that he valued his own life over religion. Even when he coverted back to Calvinism afterwards, he soon relized his valued of being in power over religion would cause him to convert, once again, back into Catholism. “Paris is worth a Mass," he said as he gave into the Roman Catholic Church for the leadership of France. This value of state over religion made him a politique, believing that no religious truth was worth the ravages of cicil war. He kept France from futher civil war by issuing the Edict of Nantes which acknowledged Catholicism as th official religion of France but guaranteed the Hugenots the rights to worship. He was wise to recognize that tolerance can help establish peace in his nation and also to convert to Cathalosism because of their bigger population in France.

After the defeat of the Roman Empire in 476, western Europe had grown and changed the world. However, the Catholic church was the defining characteristic that had remained very central and important to European culture. The Protestant reformation during the sixteenth century was sparked by Martin Luther, who was a writer from Germany. He believed that churches were abusing power, because at the time, churches would say things like "sins can be forgiven and people can go to heaven after they die if they contributed money or a donation". Luther stated that no one was in a place to give someone a place in heaven besides god and that churches were being greedy, immoral and hypocritical. He took an advantage of the printing press and its fast growing industry to spread these ideas and information from his book 95 Theses to the public of European countries including Italy, Germany, France and Holland. Lutheran philosophy and teachings helped educate the public, and some of the resulting reforming measures included the closure of monasteries, divisions of church and translation of the holy bible from Latin to different European languages (Drame, lecture notes). John Calvin was another important figure who developed Calvinism in 1530 to spread Lutheran philosophy throughout various European countries. In order to control the "damage" Luther had

The Archbishop then turned to Pope Leo X for advice, in doing so Pope Leo X didn’t want to cause trouble in Wittenburg due to political and other reasons. Pope Leo X sent senior member of the official church to then try and persuade Luther to drop is protests and complaints quitley without fuss, but Luthers next actions brought in various Catholic scholars to join the debate about the sale of indulgences. Luthers actions consisted of the making of pamplets and books. The first inventions of the printing press had a huge impact on the production rates at which Luthers books and pamphlets were being created. Once the increasing numbers of Martin Luthers books and pamphlets were being made this allowed him to distrubute it throughout germany. As the years carried on after the publicised 95 Theses was then followed by Martin Luther making new accusations/criticisms of the Roman Catholic Church. Mainly criticising the curruption of several individual popes. To help enforce and encourage the church reformation Martin Luther called upon local German rulers. The actions of Luther became too much for Pope Leo X and his accompainies causing them to excommunicate Martin Luther giving him only 60 days to apologize for his opinion and also the withdrawl of all his books and pamphlets. Martin Luther refused,

The Catholic Church had an extremely amount of power that it had become very wealthy and very corrupt. Which leads the revolt of Martin Luther in 1517 against his authorities significant in this time period. Luther’s ideas on the church would spread quickly throughout Europe fueling the flames of Protestantism. Leaders such as Henry VIII took these ideas and used them to break free from the Catholic

The church began to lose to power because the people were no longer listening to the church, and because of what they learned from the 95 statement thesis written by Martin Luther. The thesis informed people they did not need to pay their way to heaven, pay for someone to get out of Purgatory,or pay to get to heaven (Doc.8). The writing of Luther’s 95 thesis led to the printing press being invented by Gutenberg, with creation of the printing press it allowed the people to read the bible for themselves, which in turn allowed them to think for themselves (Doc.9). With this new knowledge from the bible, people began revolting against the church and the government. This led to wars such as the St. Bartholomew Massacre. The St. Bartholomew Massacre started because Catherine de’ Medici felt threatened by the influence of Huguenot Admiral de Coligny and planned on assassinating him. They were not successful and only wounded Coligny. This caused the Huguenots to become furious which made the Medici nervous, who in turn ordered a massacre of all Huguenots. This led to a religion division. With the chaotic acts of freedom from the people, Europe created the Nation States. The Nation States were made to keep people from acting out against the government and to keep control over the

In Germany, Charles V signed “The Peace of Augsburg(1555),” which “recognized the Lutheran church” and “established the principle that all princes, whether Catholic or Lutheran, enjoyed the sole right to determine the religion of their lands and subjects.” In England, Elizabeth I issued “The 39 articles of Religion(1563)”, which “incorporated Catholic ritual along with Calvinist doctrines.” This gave Calvinists much more religious freedom in England. In France, Henry IV signed “The Edict of Nantes(1598),” which gave the Huguenots “a large measure of religious toleration.” These laws gave Protestants religious freedom which led to the spread of

Catholic Church treated protestant leaders like Luther and Calvin as heretics, and in the early days of the Reformation most reformers were exiled, or even executed, by Catholic communities. However, once more people began converting to protestant beliefs, the Catholics could not keep up with all of the burnings and hangings of heretics. Another major event that helped spread religious freedom was the Peace of Augsburg after the Schmalkaldic League War. The Peace granted the princes of each of the states in the Holy Roman Empire the ability to choose the religion of their state. However, the religion was limited to either Catholicism or Lutheranism, and everyone in the state had to practice the same religion as the prince, so there was not complete religious tolerance.

Martin Luther started rallying princes and nobles to his cause. Many nobles agreed with Luther's teachings and forbade the practice of Catholic worship. This led to Lutheranism to be the dominant religion in many lands across Europe. The pope would never sit back and let his power be taken from him. Instead, he set out to take back control of now Lutheran lands.

The Church changed with Martin Luther’s returning. The German princes who supported Luther took control of Catholic churches in their own territories. This caused the formation of separate churches under supervision of the government. The Peasant Revolts, in 1524, helped Luther. Peasants thought that social issues should be changed like church issues had been. 100,000 people ended up being killed, leading many to go back to the Catholic Church. In 1555 the Peace of Augsburg was put into effect. The Peace of Augsburg was an agreement to accept the division of Christianity of Germany. The German princes could choose whether they wanted to accept Lutheranism or just stay Catholic. The people of had no choice.

14. ’05 Compare and contrast the motives and actions of Martin Luther in the German states and King Henry VIII in England in bringing about religious change during the Reformation.

At the time Luther wrote the “95 Theses on the Power of Indulgences” he presumed that reforms could still be made by the Pope and the church's hierarchy; however, after Luther received the papal bull excommunicating him, Luther’s ideology became diametrically opposed to the pope and the whole Roman Catholic structure (shilling 142). This break was a defining time

In the 16th century, Christianity dominated western Europe due to the Roman Empire. The Roman Catholic Church controlled most of the Christian ideology through the king and especially through the pope. The power the Roman Catholic Church held was primarily due to the fear that people had at the time and their belief that everything the Roman Catholic Church was true because they could not read or apply Christianity to themselves from Scripture. The first great divide with this power, however, came when Martin Luther wrote the 95 Theses about the selling of indulgences and other issues he found with the Church. Luther was an educated theologian professor who believed that the average person should be able to have access to Scripture (all Scripture

King Louis XIV distrusted the Protestants and everything they stood for. Because of that, he revoked the Edict of Nantes and