The Soviet Era Of Ussr

During the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, eliminating the capitalist “enemies,” the “Gang of Four” under the leadership of Jiang Qing, the last wife of Chairman Mao, implemented the “Red Policy” to heavily censor the traditional themes of all kinds of music, especially the most popular type of music in China, Peking Operas. According to the command of Mao, the “emperors, kings,

Socialist Realism, the cherished genre of the Stalin era which brought random bits of musical joy to everyday Soviet life. During this period, only a select few films would get the pass for creation. This created a limited but precise pool of films that depict the ideals of the time. For a film to be considered of the Socialist Realist genre, a few key points should be displayed throughout the film. First, the characters must carry the philosophy of viewing their past and Russia’s past not just from where they stand now but from the certain gains of the future. For a Socialist Realist, the past is lower and less developed, thus there is a sense of ignorantly blind positivity in the character’s mindset on how they perceive the future. The

Communism affects not only industries and engineers there became firm regulations for all of the arts. In an effort to unify all the arts under the Communist rule, Lenin once

There had been a smaller Capitalist revolution in February that year but the October Revolution completely usurped it. After the October Revolution both Tatlin and Malevich opened up art schools. Malevich’s Suprematist school was similar in style but not ideology to the De Stijl movement in Holland, while the Constructivist school of Tatlin’s had links to the German Bauhaus. The October revolution had been a primarily proletariat revolution and proletarians have proven to be somewhat negative in their attitude to new, radical confronting art styles and this was no exception. Both schools realised they had to prove their worth, so to speak. The new communist government saw artists as elite. A few things transpired to change the soviet government’s ideas about these artists.

While being called Social Realism, in its implementation this style had very few things common with being realistic. Despite the superficial references to everyday life of a Soviet citizens, it did not reflect the accurate reality with its problems and imperfections. Instead, it fabricated a false, idealized version of reality that would coincide with Party’s propaganda to make the reader believe that it was the truth. For writers who wanted to stay “official” that meant their work was to be transformed from art into a tool of raising communistic

Lev Davidovich Bronstein, the man who would assume the name Leon Trotsky, lived his life promoting and fighting for the Marxist ideals he held to be true. [INCLUDE MORE HERE] … The focus of this paper is to document the ‘downfall’ of Trotsky, with particular emphasis on his conflict with Joseph Stalin and subsequent exile from The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), as well as the final years of his life and assassination.

The October Revolution of 1917 in Russia saw the rise of the Bolsheviks to power where they dreamed of a utopian Russia, which would be achieved through the transformation of Soviet men and women. In particular, women were a major focus of the Bolsheviks utopian dream because they wanted to end the oppression of women and in doing, so they implemented many policies after the revolution in 1917 like the Zhenotdel that was a women’s section in the Bolshevik party made to advance women’s interests, the legalization of abortions and contraceptives, and the removal of the bourgeoisie family institution. However, after Vladimir Lenin’s death in 1924, Joseph Stalin came to power and instituted his first five-year plan to rapidly industrialize the

Leon Trotsky was the earliest political symbol of the movement. After the expulsion of Trotsky and the Left Opposition in 1927-8, he became suspicious. In the 1920s, the government favored realist art. Pravda had even complained that taxes were used to but art from unpopular artists. It was in 1934 that Constructivism was completely replaced by Socialist Realism. Even so, Lissitzky, Rodchenko and Stepanova still produced work for their

This was then the main task of a socialist movement, with the intention of breaking the ideological bonds between the ruling class and the general population. The central theme of Gramsci’s theoretical reflections in his prison notebooks is the taking and management of power by an emerging historical force intent on creating a new civilisation. In his writings, Gramsci’s exploration on the potential of Marxism, enabled an alternative form of a communist society. In response to the emergence of a totalitarian regime under Stalin, Professor Pellicani revived the works of Gramsci to offer an alternative to communism which aimed at a truer Marxism devoid of coercion and evil. While the fundamental nature of Marxism calls on the need for a utopian society, Pellicani concludes that through an attempt to reorganise civilisation according to a single principle, totalitarianism is the inevitable result of all programs that aim at a perfect world. In the aftermath of the Russian Revolution and Lenin’s leadership, the Russian state and its coercive arms allowed for the dictatorship of Stalin to arise. Stalinism enforced state terror, rapid industrialisation and a command economy whereby all society was subservient to Stalin’s will. A cult of personality was developed with Stalin placed as the super-human embodiment of the Russian Revolution — Stalin, man of steel; perfection of Soviet man. A critical objective of Stalinism was the concept of a classless society. While the basis of communism stems from marxist theory, Gramsci stressed that socialism could never be imposed from above, but would have to be the self-conscious expression of the oppressed groups

This essay will examine the extent to which the political phenomena know as Stalinism was a derivative of Leninist principle. Stalinism being defined as the governing polices implemented under the leadership of Joseph Stalin, particularly during the period between the end of the New Economic Policy in 1929 and the death of Stalin 1953. These policies were characterised by the use of extreme violence in the form of persistent State terror in order to achieve social and political ends. Specific examples such as the collectivisation of agriculture and the Great purge of the communist party have all been attributed to the Stalinist system. Stalinism also places greater priority on the creation of ‘socialism in one country’ rather than the spreading of revolution abroad through communist internationalism. The extent to which the Stalinist system was a product of or a degeneration of Leninism has been intensely debated by historians. Leninism being defined as a form of Marxism where the Bolshevik party would seize power and maintain a dictatorship through the use of violence, in order for socialism and eventually communism to be created. This essay will seek to explore whether the violent policies associated with Stalinism where the result of the continuation by Stalin of the processes initiation by Vladimir Lenin under his direction and whether the intentions of

In the forty-one years since his passing, Dmitri Shostakovich is one of the most widely discussed and fiercely debated composers in Western Music. His compositions are known throughout the world, and his life and morals are a discussed passionately amongst musicologists with his catalogue consisting of 15 symphonies, 15 string quartets, 37 film scores, and a number of pieces in other genres. For someone that is considered one of the greatest composers of the twentieth century, there lacks a consensus on the meaning of this major works; more specifically where he is being sarcastic and where he is genuine.

As socialist realism was enacted as the state law in 1934, Ahkmatova’s frustration and desperation can be heard clearly through the words in her poems. In the poem “The Last Toast,” we hear the anguish she feels for her country and the bitterness

Many historians agree that Vladimir Lenin was one of the most motivating revolutionaries in the history of the world. Once Lenin became a statesman he lost focus on how to run a country, and he lacked a plan. Lenin’s greatest achievements were in fact during the struggle for power in Russia, and not during his time as leader of the USSR. His leadership in the revolutionary Bolshevik party served as an important model for later revolutionary leaders of the 20th century. Lenin’s works made important contributions to the development of revolutionary socialist theory.

The genre of Russian Socialist Realism is firmly tied up with the political change that occurred in the Soviet Union in the 1920s and 30s, after the Bolshevik Revolution, and has ruled every single masterful field until the separation of the Soviet Union in 1991. With the new post-progressive philosophies that were being put into utilization by the Soviet government to energize the procedure of collectivization and industrialization, the requirement of Socialist Realism as a primary scholarly classification was one of the critical methodologies produced. This contributed to the push to make the "new" man who might ultimately share in “an excellently chronicled try called assembling Socialism.” The Communist Party implemented an order throughout all of the USSR, declaring that the primary-worthy literature must be one that is “socially zakat,” in order to signify “social request/charge.” This in turn infiltrated and absorbed nearly all Soviet subjects, substance, and styles of composing that recreated the goals of social development. The literature that was appropriate for the Party 's points and held fast to their demand is classified as the Socialist Realism sort. As a result, essayists who took after a “socially zakat” style and delivered work were considered representatives of the state and any author disagreeing from this sort would rarely be distributed. In some more severe cases, these authors could be labeled as enemies of the state if their

Nothing has contributed so much to the corruption of the original idea of Socialism as the belief that Russia is a Socialist country and that every act of its rulers must be excused, if not imitated. And so for the past ten years I have been convinced that the destruction of the Soviet myth was essential if we wanted a revival of the Socialist movement (Orwell, Preface 339).