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The Study of Biodiversity

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Biodiversity – the amount of living things; animals, microorganisms and plants. It also includes the genetic information these living things contain, and the ecosystems and biomes they form.

3 ways biodiversity can be studied:
- GENETIC DIVERSITY: The amount of different genetic characteristics of the species in their genetic make up.
- SPEICIES DIVERSITY: the amount of species in a particular area in the world.
- ECOSYSTEM DIVERSITY: the amount of ecosystems in a given region or biome.

- Places of biodiversity include coral, rainforests, sea grass beds, and mangroves.

Australian soils
– Old and fragile soils. Water requirements of native plants are adapted to this.
– Australia is slowly shifting northwards. The climate will gradually change.
– Bushfires. Species can affect scale and range of the bushfires.
– Lowest rainfall of the 5 inhabited continents.
– Few rivers and lakes.

Australian biodiversity
- 600,000 – 700,000 species.
- Endemic species; 83% of mammals, 45% of birds, 89% of reptiles and 93% frogs.
- About a minimum of 60-70 species have become extinct, since European settlement.

Hotspot(s)
- A region where there is at least 1500 of 800,000 or 0.5% of plant species (70% vegetation).
- Hotspots have high diversity, are not found outside the area, a loss of endemic species and are also likely to be lost.

Human impacts on biodiversity
Unsustainable use of resources:
- Agriculture (monoculture and stripping land).
- Fisheries (overfishing).
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