The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. The treaty that ended the Mexican-American War in 1848.

On May 9, President Polk received a message from his war department about the attack. After being told of the attack President Polk immediately wrote a message declaring that a state of war has existed between the US and Mexico. On May 13 congress declared war. President Polk went into war with one main objective, to seize all of Mexico north of Rio Grande and the Gilla River and westward to the Pacific. The US army advanced into Mexico. US forces led by Col. Stephen W. Kearny and Commodore Robert F Stockton were easily able to get the lands. "Chapultepec was the last battle of the war before the capture of Mexico City" Many battles went on during the Mexican War.

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1948 would have lasting negative effects on Mexican Americans. The Treaty was signed after America had won the Mexican American war. America gained possession of the southwest states that had been part of Mexico for the price of around eighteen million dollars. In Article IX of the Treaty, it states that the Mexicans "shall be maintained and protected in the free enjoyment of their liberty and property, and secured in the free exercise of their religion without restriction"(Vargas 139). And as Rachel Rivera points out Article VII promised the Mexicans the right to keep their land which previously belonged to Mexico. However, the Treaty would not grant the

The aftermath of the war had great affects on Mexico's and Americas government. The war officially ended on February 2, 1848, when Mexico agreed to sign the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. The terms of the treaty were set by the United States after winning the war, the treaty added land the makes up present day Arizona, California, New Mexico, Colorado, Nevada, Utah , and Wyoming. Additionally, the U.S paid $15 million and

Polk had said that Mexico were planning on an invasion and declared war on Mexico. This didn’t show that we show not be afraid or fear military ambition. It showed how selfish man can be just to gain more territory because they believed that it was their right to expand the country. Mexico only wanted what was theirs after claiming independence from Spain, and not have it taken away. Texas was under Mexico law, and Mexico banned slavery. Many Americans settlers did live in Texas at the time and knew it was against Mexico’s law but still had slaves anyways. The war lasted for three years, but soon Mexico decided to sign a peace treaty that gave territories to America. America paid Mexico 15 billion for lands that are known today as California, Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah and

this time many battles were occurred in different cities. We lost many people but gained a great area of land. For example three important events are the battle of Palo Alto, the battle of Buena Vista and the Treaty Of Guadalupe Hidalgo. The Mexican American War is important in American history because it further changed our borders forever. Three important players in the Mexican American War were Zachary Taylor, James K. Polk and Santa Anna. Each of them played an important part in the war. A few days before the Treaty Of Guadalupe, gold was discovered in California which made the Americans want to come farther west more. The battle of Palo Alto took place May 8 of 1846, the battle of Buena Vista took place February 22 of 1847 and the Treaty Of Guadalupe

Brian DeLay’s War of a Thousand Deserts effectively argued that indigenous groups played an important role in the US-Mexican War. DeLay explained how the indian raiding in Mexico’s northern frontier shaped the outcome of the war and his book showed how the two conflicts intersected. The indian raids were made possible by Mexico’s political instability and the federal government’s inability to provide control near the frontier. DeLay’s thesis stated that “the bloody interethnic violence that preceded and continued throughout the US-Mexican War influenced the course and outcome of that war and, by extension, helped precipitate its manifold long-term consequences for all the continent’s peoples”. DeLay’s book showed how Mexican-Indian relationships

Signed on February 2, 1848, in Guadalupe Hidalgo, a city north of the capital. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed by the U.S. and Mexico. The United States appointed Nicholas P. Trist, a citizen of the United States and the Mexican Republic has appointed Don Luis Gonzaga Cuevas, Don Bernardo Couto, and Don Miguel Atristain. This Treaty, brought to an end the Mexican American War. Bringing peace between the two countries. The U.S. called for Mexico to cede 55% of its territory, extending the boundaries of the United States by over 525,000 sq/m. This newly acquired land is what is known as present day Texas, California, Nevada, Utah, New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado,and Wyoming. In exchange for this land, Mexico received a $15 million compensation.

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, signed by the United States and Mexico to end the Mexican War, was a factor in the Chicano Civil Rights Movement. In the Treaty of Hidalgo, under Article VIII and Article IX, it states that pre-existing property rights were ensured by the United States for Mexicans that remained in the United States after the Mexican War (United States and Mexico). “During the 1960’s, a group of Mexican-Americans attempted to reclaim federal land in the United States” (Ramirez). Unfortunately, the United States decided not to honor a part of the agreement of the Hidalgo treaty, resulting in loss of lands for many Mexican-Americans. During the Chicano Movement, many Mexican-Americans claimed that they owned parts of lands in the United States (Ramirez). The Chicano Movement activists attempted to convince the federal government to honor the Treaty of Hidalgo ("Chicano! A History of the Mexican American Civil Rights Movement").

It is worth noting here that the Americans were concerned about appearances, and that they did their best to provoke Mexico into a war, without having to bear the responsibility of actually starting the war. In his Personal Memoirs, Grant explained the mission of the U.S. Army in south Texas, "We were sent to provoke a fight, but it was essential that Mexico should commence it." The plan worked. The U.S. annexed Texas in February of 1846, and Polk immediately ordered Taylor to proceed to the Rio Grande. One of Taylor's patrols skirmished with a Mexican detachment and lost over twenty soldiers, including eleven dead, five wounded, and several captured. Polk immediately called for war. In his bellicose message to the U.S. Congress, the President announced that, "American blood had been shed upon American soil." He got his declaration of war.

Jesus Velasco-Márquez also wrote, the annexation of Texas to the United States was inadmissible for both legal and security reason. Thus, when the Mexican government learned of the treaty signed between Texas and the United States… it would consider such an act “a declaration of war” (DOC C). The United States did not have a reason to go to war because Mexico was defending itself and its own territory because the annexation of Texas was inadmissible. Also, Mexico as a sovereign nation had the right to defend its country against aggressors. Charles Sumner wrote, “Mexico decreed the abolition of human slavery within her dominions… slaveholders crossed the Sabine with their slaves, in defiance of the Mexican ordinance of Freedom”(DOC D).

(1) the admission of California as a free state; (2) the division of the remainder of the Mexican cession into two territories, New Mexico and Utah (formerly Deseret), without federal restrictions on slavery; (3) the settlement of Texas-New Mexico boundary dispute on terms favorable to New Mexico;(4) as an incentive for Texas, an agreement that the federal government would assume the considerable public debt of Texas;(5) the continuance of slavery in the district of Columbia but the abolition of the slave trade there; and (6) a more effective fugitive law (TEV 399).

In 1846, there was pressure between the United States and Mexico over territory. During the time, James Polk was the president of the United States. After seizing the Rio Grande perimeter, Polk offered the president of Mexico, Jose Herrera thirty million dollars for New Mexico and California. Moreover, Polk sent in troops over to Nueces River under the command of General Zachary Taylor. However, Herrera denied the offer and sent troops beyond the Rio Grande to stop the vicious prelude. When the United States’ troops invaded into the Nueces River, Herrera’s troops intervened and killed twelve American soldiers along with capturing fifty two of the American soldiers as prisoners. Afterwards, the Mexican troops conquered an American stronghold

Because Texas owned the public lands of New Mexico, the compromise of 1850 was to deal with Texas's claim on New Mexico. It negotiated new boundaries, the ones it has today, in exchange for a $10 million government bond for Texas to pay off its debts.

On April 25th 1846 a war started between the United States and Mexico. Known as the Mexican-American War, it lasted for almost two years. The United States invaded Mexico and the war ended with peace talks. The peace talks resulted in The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. The agreement gave United States ownership of what is now known as California, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, and Utah. The Rio Grande river was designated as the boundary line that separated Texas from Mexico. Moreover, the boundary between Arizona/New Mexico and Mexico was ambiguous between the two countries. These boundary issues led to conflicts and was later resolved with the Gadsden Purchase of 1853. Subsequently, these border disputes were consistent. In the late nineteenth century the Rio Grande river shifted and Chamizal fell

The ratification of the Guadalupe hidalgo treaty (1848) led to an enormous increase of land for United States. Previous disputes that included the desire to annex Texas into Mexico was ultimately resolved through the passing of the Guadalupe Hidalgo Treaty of 1848. Remuneration was requested from the republic of Mexico which was granted by the U.S. This movement allowed and officially surrendered the land bounded by California and the Rio Grande river. Although Texas had been annexed in 1845 to be part of the Union as the 28th state, this led to necessity for government control that was not easily supplied since Texas was a long distance away. However, the annexation of Texas increased the area of land owned by the U.S. Now that America had adopted this great amount of land, the nation had also adopted the natives as new citizen; nearly 75,000 Mexicans became U.S. citizens. The social adaptation was a difficult task for them, and many of these Mexican-Americans had to deal with Mexican raiders crossing the border. Raids often led to the devastation of many local towns. There was a solution to this predicament, and that is where the Texas Rangers came into play. Twenty-seven years later the novel A Texas Ranger was introduced.