The Umayyad Dynasty And Abbasid Dynasty

A change that occurred in the political life of Islamic civilization was the shift from the election of a Caliphate to a more dynastical system. Previously, the caliphates were elected by the Islamic community. Capable leaders were preferred over heirs who were not as qualified. Sunni Muslims were firm believers of this concept, while Shia muslims believed that Ali should’ve

When Muhammad died, Muslims faced the challenge of creating institutions to preserve the community. This is the Middle period of Islam. Muslims believe that the revelation was completed with the work of Muhammad, who is described as the seal of the prophets. The leaders after Muhammad were described only as caliphs, or successors to the Prophet, and not as prophets themselves. The first four caliphs were companions of the Prophet and their period of rule (632-661) is described by the majority of Muslims as the age of the Rightly Guided Caliphate. This was an era of expansion during which Muslims conquered the Sasanid (Persian) Empire and took control of the North African and Syrian territories of the Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Empire. The Muslim community was transformed from a small city-state controlling much of the Arabian Peninsula into a major world empire, in this case the Umayyad empire, extending from northwest Africa to central Asia. The emphasis

The decline of the Abbasids was not a steady of rapid series of events. There were numerous revivals of the Caliphate in which certain strong Caliphs gained more control and influence over the Islamic world than their predecessors had had. However at no point after the death of Harun al-Rahid (reigned 786-809) was the Caliphate ever as powerful. This period is regarded as the Golden Age of the Abbasid Caliphate and was followed immediately by civil war between his sons. Harun’s two sons were called Al-Amin and Al-Mamun. Al-Amin was the elder and was nominated as the heir to the Caliphate. However Al-Mamun, who was the effective governor of the eastern provinces was ambitious. He was spurred towards seizing the Caliphate for

This document teaches historians about the Islamic Empire under the rule of the Abbasid Empire and how, during al-Ya’qubi’s time, Baghdad was the heart of the huge network the Islamic Empire had created. Al-Ya’qubi lived during the ninth century and his observations on Baghdad in “A New Islamic Dynasty” gave historians more insight into the Islamic World regarding: a) the central role that Baghdad played in the Islamic State during his time, b) Baghdad’s transformation from village to powerful city and c) perceiving how al-Yaqubi’s personal ties to Baghdad affected his observations. Although al-Ya’qubi may have exaggerated when describing some people or events, he certainly highlighted the historical period and society where he lived by mentioning how central and pivotal Baghdad as a city was to the Islamic World both during his time – and, to an extent, for world history as a

Many Muslims knew the cause of Utham’s death and were angry at Ali, for he had not brought Utham’s killers to justice, one of whom was Mu’awiya, who had been the governor of Damascus and cousin of Utham. When Ali was assassinated in 661 A.D., Mu’awiya felt great pleasure in his death and found his revenge in stealing Ali’s old position; there was, yet again, another Sunni leader. Mu’awiya lead the Sunni Muslims through a prosperous time, the Umayyad dynasty. This period of growth played a huge role in the power, control, and population of the Sunni Muslims while the Shi’ttes remained uninvolved. In the year 661 A.D. many converted to the Sunni ways, for they were very successful.

After Muhammad, they had a caliph which is a spiritual leader. The caliph is to lead the Muslim community. Maintain the religion and defend the land are some of the things in the ordinances of government in Islam. People of Islam wants their religion to continue that’s why they have caliphs. If the caliph doesn’t do his job, there’s a possibility Islam might die down.

After Muhammad’s death, the next 4 caliphs were chosen by the elders. By the 13th century, the caliph was elected but then instead of an election, it changed to become a dynasty. In the beginning, around the 7th century, the caliphate was an Islamic state led by a caliph, a political and religious leader who is a successor to the Islamic

The Prophet Muhammad’s large influences over the foundations of Islam helped shape its empire into a powerful militant group that would result in the unification of Arabia in 622 AD . From there, Muhammad would be looked to by many as both a religious prophet and a competent military leader. Conquests made my Muhammad lasted from 622 CE to

Islam is one of the fastest growing religions in history because of its wide appeal and because of the caliph's ability to expand Islam territory. Islam was essentially a power house from 661 to 717 under the Umayyad Dynasty. They conquered a lot of land and vastly grew their territory. They were stopped in 717 by Byzantine when Islamic armies failed to take the capital, Constantinople, twice. The position of caliph changed from a priestly one, when they were directly related to Muhammed, to a more military oriented one when they needed to expand territory and grow the

After the ruling of the righteous caliph had ended, it resulted to the Umayyads to come in power, which they have changed the transition system of authority, from the status of consensus s to become the heritable body. The Umayyads empire was centered in Damascus, where the usage and spread of the Arabic Language become to be the official dialect across their dominants lands. The usage of the Arabic language as the official dialect revealed the Umayyad as an Arabic empire; thus other Muslims ethnicities were treated as a second social class. Therefore, it conducted to formulate the Shia sect. The Umayyads were accused of betraying the prophet, in which led the Abbasid to replace the Umayyads. The Abbasid comes from the lineal descendants

When Muhammad died in 632, 4 caliphs were picked to lead the Muslims. They were Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali. There were disagreements between Ali and the Umayyad family. A five year civil war took place between them which ended when Muhammad was assassinated and the Umayyad dynasty then took

The Umayyads ruled from 661-750 CE. When doing so, they created the first 14 caliphs. Once the Umayyads had control they began to conquer new lands. The empire spanned parts of three continents: Africa, Asia, and Europe in less than 100 years. When the Umayyads took power, the Empire’s eastern boundary extended into Persia and pushed the border further into Central Asia. The expansion began with hit and run raids attacking the cities of Bukhara and Smarkland- both major trade cities of the region located in modern Uzbekistan. Hit and run raids soon turned into organized campaigns for conquest which allowed them to control most of Central Asia by 700’s. By 710, they controlled North Africa from the Nile to the Iberian Peninsula. By 711, they moved North across the mediterranean Sea and into the Iberian Peninsula.

The dynasty Umayyad period undertook a major expansion of the territories under the domain Arab Muslim. Although were not successful in their attempts to conquer Constantinople

The Umayyads, a short-lived and stylistically secular khalifate, were overthrown by mercenaries from their province of Khorasan over disagreements about their governance. One Umayyad survivor, Abd al-Rahman I, fled to Andalusian Spain and founded a new dynasty, and later khalifate, of Umayyads there.

The formation of Islamic law is thought to have been started after the first three generations of Prophet Muhammad’s death in 632 AD. After Muhammad’s death, the Islamic community was faced with confusion and constitutional crisis. Mohammad’s predecessor, Abu Bakr, assumed the role of caliph, but only ruled for two years due to an assassination. His main focus was to bring the tribes back to Islam that had broke ties to Islam and Mohamad after his death. Succeeding Bakr’s reign was another companion of the prophet named Umar and under his caliphate expanded Islam at an unprecedented rate. The rapid expansion of territory unified the Arab culture, Islamic religion, and political aspects. This “melting pot” of private individuals brought legal concepts, and institutions that were familiar to the native cultures to help develop Islamic Law, or jurist law. The jurists could come together to implement a common law, since problems that were the same in nature, but located differently geographically, often had different