The United States Legal, Inc. ( 1997-2016 ) History Essay

Each country across the globe has its unique ways to deal with criminals. Most of their criminal justice systems include some form of parole for individuals who have completed their sentences, in order to maintain some form of control over them while they readjust to life outside prison. This article will discuss the overall parole system in the United States and those of Australia and Canada. The Australian and Canadian parole systems will be compared to that of the United States and their effectiveness will be discussed. The information

As Privy Council held in the case of "Wagon Mound (No 1)" that a party can only be held liable for damage that was reasonably foreseeable, the defendant should not be responsible for losses that are ‘too remote’ from the breach. It is obviously that the university could foresee that Brad have to quit his job to finish the degree and also need to pay for the fees.

First off, parole is “the conditional release of a prisoner, prior to completition of the

2: Parole: Is the conditional release of an offender after they served some of the time they are sentences. A parole board: Makes the decision about whether to release a prisoner and it's typically made up of respected citizens that are often appointed by the governor.

Both jail and prison offer some type of early released programs, in this case probation and parole will briefly be discussed. Probation is a prison sentence that is suspended on the condition that the offender follow certain prescribed rules and commit no further crime (Seiter, 2008). Parole is similar to probation except that it is after a period of incarceration, which involved determinate and indeterminate sentencing (Seiter, 2008). The other types of prison sentencing include mandatory minimums, three-strike laws, and truth-in-sentencing (Wilson, 2001). The only difference is that a parole board allows convicts to serve the remainder of their term in society under supervision and strict limitations (Wilson, 2001). In summary both jails and prisons should strive to provide as much educational, health, and counseling opportunities as possible to reduce the likelihood of recidivism. Second, funding for the jail and prison systems will be briefly discussed.

Parole is the release of a prisoner by the decision of a paroling authority (Mackenzie, 2002). The offender is then required to remain under the observation of a parole officer who monitors the offender 's obedience with rules of conduct that are imposed by the parole board (Mackenzie, 2002). Parole is actually regarded as a back-end program that works in conjunction with the community (Mackenzie, 2002). Parole is actually similar to probation in that it follows a term of incarceration (Mackenzie, 2002). There are specific conditions which parole can be applied. Violations of these rules may result in re-imprisonment forced to return to prison to serve out the length of their original sentence from the date of release (Mackenzie, 2002). There are currently over five million people who are being supervised by the criminal justice system in the United States (Bureau of

Parole is the conditional release of a prisoner approved by the parole board after he or she has completed a specific portion of the original sentence (Alarid & Del Carmen, 2012). The three fold purpose of parole include: parolee receives assistance with issues concerning employment, housing, finances, or other personal problems, parole protects the community by helping ex-convicts re-establish themselves within the community, and parole prevents unnecessary imprisonment of those less likely to re-offend (The United States Department of Justice, 2015). Parole eligibility is dependent upon the type of sentence imposed on the offender by the court (The United States Department of Justice, 2015). Usually, an offender is considered for parole upon completion of one third of the sentence (The United States Department of Justice, 2015). If an offender has a sentence of life or thirty or

They have to fill out and sign an application the happens to be furnished by a case manager. If the criminal does not complete the application then the offender is provided the waiver to the application. After that, the caseworker the will notify the criminal when his parole hearing is to take place. The parole hearing is an opportunity for the criminal to present their case and why they think they should be able to receive parole. The commission determines if the person is eligible for parole according to the type of sentence the criminal recieve when he was convicted. The earliest time the criminal can be parole is called the parole eligibility date. If the criminal is granted parole they must wait to be released until on or after the parole eligibility date (Frequently Asked Questions). If granted parole the parolee will then be recieve back into the community. Only 15 states do not use the parole system today while the rest of the 35 states do. The first state to use the parole system was New York. “In 1910 Congress established the U.S. Parole Commission and gave it the responsibility of evaluating and setting the release dates for federal prisoners”( Parole). Also those of a very serious crime must complete eighty-five percent of their original sentence before they can be released from prison and sent back into the real world.

(Encyclopedia, 1986) Under this type of sentencing, an offender received a specific amount of time to serve in prison for a specific crime. (Encyclopedia, 1986) This actually created a major problem when prisons became overcrowded. (Encyclopedia, 1986) The governors were forced to issue mass pardons or the prison wardens had to randomly release offenders to make space for new entering prisoners. (Encyclopedia, 1986) Then in 1840, Captain Alexander Maconochie was appointed governor of the notorious English penal colony at Norfolk Island off the coast of Australia. (Encyclopedia, 1986) Maconochie came up with a system that he issued “marks” to encourage more positive behavior and let inmates serve their sentences in stages, which each increasing in responsibility. The final stage was a ticket of leave. (Siegal & Bartollas, 2010, pg. 254) The final stage of his system was a ticket of leave, the graduated release. (Siegal & Bartollas, 2010, pg. 254) “Later, influenced by Maconochie, Sir Walter Crofton established the “Irish mark system” in which inmates could earn early release by positive behavior.” (Siegal & Bartollas, 2010, pg. 254) The four stages of graduated release that he created were solitary confinement, special prison, open institution, and ticket of leave. (Siegal & Bartollas, 2010, pg. 254) “The Irish system was well received, appeared to have low rates of recidivism, and penologists from the United States began to urge bringing these ideas of graduated release to the United States.” (Siegal & Bartollas, 2010, pg. 254) But indeterminate sentence and the use of parole was not recognized and adopted across the U.S until 1944. (Siegal & Bartollas, 2010, pg.

The procedure known as “parole” in the criminal justice system has been in practice in the United States since the late 1800’s when it was begun in a reformatory in Elmira, New York. It’s process provides for early conditional release from prison for convicted felons, after part of their prison sentence has been served, and they are found to be eligible for parole based on factors such as: conduct while incarcerated, rehabilitative efforts/progress, type of offense, and remorse for their crime. Its use has been expanded to many states, and today has become the primary way by which offenders are released from prisons and correctional institutions. Unfortunately, parole is not always rewarded to worthy

To really explain why we are a nation of laws I feel it is best to understand the basics of our laws. There are people who would say that it feels like we have so many laws and regulations, its like we are being forced to do things. For us to live in a true civil society there are going to have to be laws in place. The reason we have these laws are for our own safety and protection against abuse by organizations and the government itself. We have the Bill of Rights that assure our basic freedoms as U.S citizens.

Captain Alexander Maconochie and Sir Walter Crofton are credited for implementing early parole system in England (Rank, n.d.). Maconochie was governor of an English penal colony at Norfolk Island (Rank, n.d.). Convicted English offenders were transported to Australia from England and from Australia to the island; unfortunately, the conditions were extremely bad for the offenders (Rank, n.d.). Maconochie discontinued determinate sentencing and created a “mark system” (Rank, n.d.). Under the “mark system”, inmates could be granted release from prison based upon their hard work and good behavior (Rank, n.d.). Inmates earned marks, which were used to buy a reduction in sentence or goods; unfortunately, inmates had to undergo a variety of stages before they were released and the climbing through the stages depended on the number of marks received (Rank, n.d.).

Sati (Prevention) Act, 1987 is law instituted by Government of Rajasthan in 1987. It turned into an Act of the Parliament of India with the establishment of The Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act, 1987 in 1988. The Act looks to avoid Sati hone or the intentional or constrained blazing or covering alive of dowagers, and to preclude glorification of this activity through the recognition of any service, the cooperation in any parade, the making of a monetary trust, the development of a sanctuary, or any activities to remember or respect the memory of a widow who submitted sati.

The source of parole is linked to the work of numerous people who headed penitentiaries; they include Brockway Zebulon in the entire year 1867, Alexander Maconochie in the year 1840 and Walter Crofton in the year 1854, Brockway Zebulon run the Elmira penitentiary in the New York while Alexander Maconochie was the governor of the Norfolk Island prison, Walter Crofton was the governor of the Irish prison. All of the preceding led to the introduction of parole system in the penitentiary system.

Cab aggregators like Ola and Uber have always been the last minute go-to for attending any meeting, parties or to reach a destination on time. The passengers find the application convenient as the fares and the driver details are clearly mentioned. The estimated time of arrival helps to plan ahead of time and the cab reaches at one’s doorstep on the mentioned time. Features like Ola auto and Ola share of Ola, have catered to the needs of the mass market and the cab aggregators now enjoy a significant market share.